Difference between revisions of "Shabbat Table Topics – Parashat Acharei Mot/0/he"
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<h1>נושאים לשולחן שבת – פרשת אחרי מות</h1> | <h1>נושאים לשולחן שבת – פרשת אחרי מות</h1> | ||
| − | <category> | + | <category>האם מוקד יום הכיפורים הוא תשובה? |
| − | <p> | + | <p>בזמן בית המקדש, אחת הטקסים הצפויים בשקיקה של יום הכיפורים הייתה שילוח השעיר לעזאזל, עמוס בחטאי האומה.  מי או מה זה עזאזל, ולמה שולחים לו שעיר?  ראו <a href="Why is the Goat Sent to Azazel" data-aht="page">מדוע נשלח השעיר לעזאזל?</a></p> |
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>הפסוקים מצמידים את השם עזאזל לשם ה', דבר שאולי רומז שמדובר בדמות על-טבעית כלשהי.<fn>ראו <multilink><a href="PirkeiDeRabbiEliezer45" data-aht="source">פרקי דרבי אליעזר</a><a href="PirkeiDeRabbiEliezer45" data-aht="source">מ"ה</a><a href="Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer" data-aht="parshan">אודות פרקי דרבי אליעזר</a></multilink> ו<multilink><a href="BereshitRabbatiBereshit6-2" data-aht="source">בראשית רבתי</a><a href="BereshitRabbatiBereshit6-2" data-aht="source">בראשית ו':ב'</a><a href="Bereshit Rabbati" data-aht="parshan">אודות בראשית רבתי</a></multilink> שמבינים את השם "עזאזל" בדרך זו.</fn> אך אם עזאזל הוא יישות שמימית כלשהי, למה צריך לשלוח לו עז? הלוא התורה אוסרת הקרבת קרבנות לדמויות אחרות חוץ מהקב"ה?  יתרה מזאת, האם התורה באמת מאמינה בקיומם של כוחות דמוניים?</li> |
| − | <li> | + | <li>אם עזאזל הוא שם מקום,<fn>ראו <multilink><a href="RSaadiaGaonTafsirVayikra16-10" data-aht="source">ר' סעדיה גאון</a><a href="RSaadiaGaonTafsirVayikra16-10" data-aht="source">תפסיר ויקרא ט"ז:י'</a><a href="R. Saadia Gaon" data-aht="parshan">אודות ר' סעדיה גאון</a></multilink> ו<multilink><a href="RYosefBekhorShorVayikra16-8" data-aht="source">ר' יוסף בכור שור</a><a href="RYosefBekhorShorVayikra16-8" data-aht="source">ויקרא ט"ז:ח'</a><a href="R. Yosef Bekhor Shor" data-aht="parshan">אודות ר' יוסף בכור שור</a></multilink> המציעים כן.</fn> מה המיוחד בקרבן זו שמאפשר לנו להוציא אותו מתחום המקדש? </li> |
| − | <li> | + | <li>כך או כך, מה מטרת הטקס כולו? איך זה קשור לשאר קרבנות היום? איזה תפקיד השעיר ממלא בהשגת כפרה על חטאים, ואיך זה קשור לצורך המשוער של בני ישראל לחזור בתשובה בפועל על חטאים שלהם?</li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
| − | <category | + | <category>מותם של נדב ואביהוא |
| − | + | <p>Parashat Acharei Mot opens by referencing the tragic deaths of Nadav and Avihu, who were consumed by heavenly fire after offering incense to Hashem.  What about their deed was so terrible to warrant such a severe punishment?  ראו <a href="Why Were Nadav and Avihu Killed" data-aht="page">למה נהרגו נדב ואביהוא?</a></p> | |
| − | <p>Parashat Acharei Mot opens by referencing the tragic deaths of Nadav and Avihu, who were consumed by heavenly fire after offering incense to Hashem.  What about their deed was so terrible to warrant such a severe punishment?  | + | <ul> |
| − | <li>Many<fn> | + | <li>Many<fn>ראו, לדוגמה, <multilink><a href="RYosefBekhorShorVayikra10-1" data-aht="source">ר' יוסף בכור שור</a><a href="RYosefBekhorShorVayikra10-1" data-aht="source">ויקרא י':א'</a><a href="R. Yosef Bekhor Shor" data-aht="parshan">אודות ר' יוסף בכור שור</a></multilink> ו<multilink><a href="SefornoVayikra10-1" data-aht="source">ספורנו</a><a href="SefornoVayikra10-1" data-aht="source">ויקרא י':א'</a><a href="R. Ovadyah Seforno" data-aht="parshan">אודות ר' עובדיה ספורנו</a></multilink>.</fn> suggest that even if the brothers had positive intentions, they were punished for violating proper protocol.  <multilink><a href="RSRHirschVayikra10-1" data-aht="source">רש"ר הירש</a><a href="RSRHirschVayikra10-1" data-aht="source">ויקרא י':א'</a><a href="R. Samson Raphael Hirsch" data-aht="parshan">אודות ר' שמשון רפאל הירש</a></multilink>, thus, writes that though Nadav and Avihu desired to get close to Hashem, "in the sacrificial service there is no room for subjectivity... [closeness] will not be achieved except via listening to God".  What are the dangers of subjective worship?  Why might R. Hirsch, specifically, have been concerned about this?</li> |
| − | <li> | + | <li>לפי הבנת <multilink><a href="RashbamVayikra10-1-2" data-aht="source">רשב"ם</a><a href="RashbamVayikra10-1-2" data-aht="source">ויקרא י':א'-ב'</a><a href="R. Shemuel b. Meir (Rashbam)" data-aht="parshan">אודות ר' שמואל בן מאיר</a></multilink> בסיפור,<fn>זה הכיוון הכללי של דבריו, למרות שהדבר אינו לגמרי מפורש בהם.</fn> it is possible that the deaths were not a punishment, but rather a "work accident".  According to this, Nadav and Avihu were in the wrong place at the wrong time and suffered the natural consequences. Are there "chance accidents", or must everything that occurs in the world be directly attributed to God and viewed in terms of reward and punishment?</li> |
<li>Mention of the brothers' deaths is used to introduce the laws of the Yom HaKippurim Service. What is the connection between the two? Does the service serve to correct the misdeed of Nadav and Avihu, or, alternatively, to prevent another such incident?  How so?</li> | <li>Mention of the brothers' deaths is used to introduce the laws of the Yom HaKippurim Service. What is the connection between the two? Does the service serve to correct the misdeed of Nadav and Avihu, or, alternatively, to prevent another such incident?  How so?</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
<category>Centralization of Worship | <category>Centralization of Worship | ||
| − | <p><a href="Vayikra17-1-5" data-aht="source">ויקרא י"ז</a> warns against bringing offerings outside of the Mishkan. </p><ul> | + | <p><a href="Vayikra17-1-5" data-aht="source">ויקרא י"ז</a> warns against bringing offerings outside of the Mishkan. </p> |
| + | <ul> | ||
<li>Why does Hashem find worship on private altars problematic? </li> | <li>Why does Hashem find worship on private altars problematic? </li> | ||
<li>What are the advantages and disadvantages of centralized worship?  How might one's service of Hashem differ if one needs to travel to the Mikdash to bring sacrifices, rather than offering them in one's backyard?</li> | <li>What are the advantages and disadvantages of centralized worship?  How might one's service of Hashem differ if one needs to travel to the Mikdash to bring sacrifices, rather than offering them in one's backyard?</li> | ||
| − | <li>During which periods in Israelite history were sacrifices prohibited outside of the Mikdash?  <a href="Devarim12-1-11" data-aht="source">דברים י"ב</a> suggests two conditions for the prohibition, inheritance of Canaan and security from enemies. What is the relationship between the two? What light does this shed on the possible understandings of the commandment?  | + | <li>During which periods in Israelite history were sacrifices prohibited outside of the Mikdash?  <a href="Devarim12-1-11" data-aht="source">דברים י"ב</a> suggests two conditions for the prohibition, inheritance of Canaan and security from enemies. What is the relationship between the two? What light does this shed on the possible understandings of the commandment?  ראו <a href="When Were Private Altars Prohibited" data-aht="page">מתי נאסרו במות?</a></li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
<category>Is Intermarriage Biblically Prohibited? | <category>Is Intermarriage Biblically Prohibited? | ||
| − | <p> | + | <p>ב<a href="Vayikra18-21" data-aht="source">ויקרא י"ח:כ"א</a> ו<a href="Vayikra20-2-5" data-aht="source">כ':ב'-ה'</a>, the Torah commands not to give of one's seed to the Molekh.  What does the violation of this prohibition entail?  Some commentators assume that the verse refers to an idolatrous rite, such as child immolation or consecration, while others connect it to sexual offenses, such as relations or marriage to a non-Jew.</p> |
| − | <li>What textual support might be brought for each position?  | + | <ul> |
| + | <li>What textual support might be brought for each position?  ראו <a href="Giving One's Seed to Molekh" data-aht="page">נתינת זרע למולך</a>.</li> | ||
<li>Though the Torah prohibits intermarriage with the seven Canaanite nations, it nowhere explicitly legislates against marriage to other outsiders.  How might this omission be understood, and how might it affect exegetes' reading of this passage?</li> | <li>Though the Torah prohibits intermarriage with the seven Canaanite nations, it nowhere explicitly legislates against marriage to other outsiders.  How might this omission be understood, and how might it affect exegetes' reading of this passage?</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
Version as of 12:14, 24 August 2019
נושאים לשולחן שבת – פרשת אחרי מות
האם מוקד יום הכיפורים הוא תשובה?
בזמן בית המקדש, אחת הטקסים הצפויים בשקיקה של יום הכיפורים הייתה שילוח השעיר לעזאזל, עמוס בחטאי האומה. מי או מה זה עזאזל, ולמה שולחים לו שעיר? ראו מדוע נשלח השעיר לעזאזל?
- הפסוקים מצמידים את השם עזאזל לשם ה', דבר שאולי רומז שמדובר בדמות על-טבעית כלשהי.1 אך אם עזאזל הוא יישות שמימית כלשהי, למה צריך לשלוח לו עז? הלוא התורה אוסרת הקרבת קרבנות לדמויות אחרות חוץ מהקב"ה? יתרה מזאת, האם התורה באמת מאמינה בקיומם של כוחות דמוניים?
- אם עזאזל הוא שם מקום,2 מה המיוחד בקרבן זו שמאפשר לנו להוציא אותו מתחום המקדש?
- כך או כך, מה מטרת הטקס כולו? איך זה קשור לשאר קרבנות היום? איזה תפקיד השעיר ממלא בהשגת כפרה על חטאים, ואיך זה קשור לצורך המשוער של בני ישראל לחזור בתשובה בפועל על חטאים שלהם?
מותם של נדב ואביהוא
Parashat Acharei Mot opens by referencing the tragic deaths of Nadav and Avihu, who were consumed by heavenly fire after offering incense to Hashem. What about their deed was so terrible to warrant such a severe punishment? ראו למה נהרגו נדב ואביהוא?
- Many3 suggest that even if the brothers had positive intentions, they were punished for violating proper protocol. רש"ר הירש, thus, writes that though Nadav and Avihu desired to get close to Hashem, "in the sacrificial service there is no room for subjectivity... [closeness] will not be achieved except via listening to God". What are the dangers of subjective worship? Why might R. Hirsch, specifically, have been concerned about this?
- לפי הבנת רשב"ם בסיפור,4 it is possible that the deaths were not a punishment, but rather a "work accident". According to this, Nadav and Avihu were in the wrong place at the wrong time and suffered the natural consequences. Are there "chance accidents", or must everything that occurs in the world be directly attributed to God and viewed in terms of reward and punishment?
- Mention of the brothers' deaths is used to introduce the laws of the Yom HaKippurim Service. What is the connection between the two? Does the service serve to correct the misdeed of Nadav and Avihu, or, alternatively, to prevent another such incident? How so?
Centralization of Worship
ויקרא י"ז warns against bringing offerings outside of the Mishkan.
- Why does Hashem find worship on private altars problematic?
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of centralized worship? How might one's service of Hashem differ if one needs to travel to the Mikdash to bring sacrifices, rather than offering them in one's backyard?
- During which periods in Israelite history were sacrifices prohibited outside of the Mikdash? דברים י"ב suggests two conditions for the prohibition, inheritance of Canaan and security from enemies. What is the relationship between the two? What light does this shed on the possible understandings of the commandment? ראו מתי נאסרו במות?
Is Intermarriage Biblically Prohibited?
בויקרא י"ח:כ"א וכ':ב'-ה', the Torah commands not to give of one's seed to the Molekh. What does the violation of this prohibition entail? Some commentators assume that the verse refers to an idolatrous rite, such as child immolation or consecration, while others connect it to sexual offenses, such as relations or marriage to a non-Jew.
- What textual support might be brought for each position? ראו נתינת זרע למולך.
- Though the Torah prohibits intermarriage with the seven Canaanite nations, it nowhere explicitly legislates against marriage to other outsiders. How might this omission be understood, and how might it affect exegetes' reading of this passage?
עוד...
לעוד נושאים בפרשה, ראו: רשימת נושאים – פרשת אחרי מות.
