Biblical Parallels Index – Shemot 4/0
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Biblical Parallels Index – Shemot 4
Initiation Prophecies
It is fruitful to compare and contrast Moshe’s initial prophecy (נבואת הקדשה) in Shemot 3-4, with that of others, such as Gideon (Shofetim Chapter 6), Shemuel (Shemuel I Chapter 3), Yeshayahu (Yeshayahu Chapter 6), Yirmeyahu (Yirmeyahu Chapter 1), and Yechezkel (Ycehezkel Chapter 1), in order to note the similarities and differences that reflect the unique personality and mission of each prophet.
Articles
- Among the most salient aspects of Moshe’s initial prophecy is his great reluctance to accept his mission. Several of Nechama Leibowitz’s gilyonot on this chapter focus on understanding Moshe’s reluctance. See also Moshe: The Reluctant Leader for exploration of different approaches to understanding this reticence.
- See Before I Formed You in the Belly I Knew You: Yirmiyahu’s Prophecy of Consecration, by R. David Sabato, for analysis of the essential components of prophecies of consecration, with a focus on Yirmeyahu.
- See Shemuel’s Consecration Prophecy by R. Amnon Bazak for comparison of Moshe’s and Shemuel’s consecration prophecies.
Hardened Hearts
Pharaoh is the first of three people or groups of people of whom Hashem says He will harden their hearts. The other two are Sichon (Devarim 2:30) and the Canaanites (Yehoshua 11:20).
Tools
- See Makbilot Bamikra for a list and links to of all the verses which speak of Hashem hardening someone's heart.
Articles
- See Hardened Hearts for analysis of different approaches to the hardening of human beings’ hearts in Tanakh.
- See And I Will Harden The Heart of Pharaoh, by R. Yaakov Medan, for a unified interpretation of the hardening of the hearts of Pharaoh, Sichon, and Canaan. He suggests that in all three cases the characters never fully lost their free will.
