"עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן" – An Eye for an Eye/2

עין תחת עין – An Eye for an Eye

Exegetical Approaches

THIS TOPIC IS UNDER DEVELOPMENT AND, IY"H, WILL BE UPDATED SOON

Physical Punishment

Sources: JubileesChapter 4:43-45About Jubilees, PhiloThe Special Laws III:XXXI:173-175The Special Laws III:XXXIII:182The Special Laws III:XXXV:195About Philo, Boethusians cited in Megillat TaanitScholion 4 TamuzAbout Megillat Taanit, R. Eliezer in Bavli Bava KammaBava Kamma 83b-84aAbout the Bavli, Ben Zuta (the Karaite) cited in Ibn EzraShemot Long Commentary 21:23-24About R. Avraham ibn Ezra¹

Monetary Compensation

Sources: Mishna Bava KammaBava Kamma 8:1About the Mishna, MekhiltaMishpatim Nezikin 8About the Mekhilta, Mekhilta DeRashbiShemot 21:25About Mekhilta DeRashbi, SifraEmor 14:20:7About Sifra, SifreShofetim 190Ki Teitze 293About Sifre, Yerushalmi Bava KammaBava Kamma 8:1About the Yerushalmi, Talmud BavliChagigah 11aKetubot 33bBava Kamma 83b-84aSanhedrin 79a-bSanhedrin 87bAbout the Bavli, Targum Pseudo-JonathanShemot 21:22-25Vayikra 24:17-21Devarim 19:15-21About Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, Targum YerushalmiVayikra 24:20About Targum Yerushalmi, Midrash Aggadah (Buber)Shemot 21:22About Midrash Aggadah (Buber), R. Saadia GaonTafsir Shemot 21:24Tafsir Vayikra 24:20Tafsir Devarim 19:21quoted in Ibn Ezra Shemot Long Commentary 21:23-24quoted in Ibn Ezra Vayikra 24:19About R. Saadia Gaon, R. ChananelCited by R. Bachya Shemot 21:24About R. Chananel, RashiShemot 21:23-24Vayikra 24:20Devarim 19:21Devarim 25:12About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki, R. Yehuda HaLeviKuzari 3:46-47About R. Yehuda HaLevi, RashbamShemot 21:24About R. Shemuel b. Meir, R. Yosef Bekhor ShorShemot 21:24-25Vayikra 24:21About R. Yosef Bekhor Shor, RambamIntroduction to the MishnaSefer HaMitzvot, Aseh 236Hilkhot Chovel UMazzik 1:2-5,9-10Hilkhot Rotzeach 1:7-8About R. Moshe Maimonides, RalbagBeiur Divrei HaParashah Shemot 21:24-25Shemot 21 Toelet 5Beiur Divrei HaParashah Vayikra 24:19-21Beiur Divrei HaParashah Devarim 19:21About R. Levi b. Gershon, Akeidat YitzchakShemot #46Vayikra #86Devarim #97About R. Yitzchak Arama,

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Two Tracks

Ideal vs. Reality

Sources: Ibn EzraShemot Long Commentary 21:23-24Shemot Short Commentary 21:25Vayikra 24:19About R. Avraham ibn Ezra, RambamMoreh Nevukhim 3:41About R. Moshe Maimonides, SefornoShemot 21:24Vayikra 24:17About R. Ovadyah Seforno, Hoil MosheShemot 21:24Vayikra 24:19About R. Moshe Yitzchak Ashkenazi

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Case Dependent

Sources: JosephusAntiquities 4:8:15Antiquities 4:8:33-35About Josephus, RambanShemot 21:24Vayikra 24:18About R. Moshe Nachmanides, ShadalShemot 21:21Devarim 25:12About R. S.D. Luzzatto, R. D"Z HoffmannShemot 21:18Shemot 21:22-25Vayikra 24:18-20Devarim 19:21Devarim 25:11-12About R. D"Z Hoffmann

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¹ See also the Karaite commentaries of Yefet b. Ali in MGWJ (1897): 205 and Aharon b. Eliyahu in Keter Torah, Shemot p. 143.