Difference between revisions of "Are Children Punished for Parents' Sins/3"
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<h1>Are Children Punished for Parents' Sins?</h1> | <h1>Are Children Punished for Parents' Sins?</h1> | ||
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<p>These are some of the central points of dispute (נקודות המחלוקת) between the various exegetes:</p> | <p>These are some of the central points of dispute (נקודות המחלוקת) between the various exegetes:</p> | ||
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<disagreements> | <disagreements> | ||
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<topic>Are the Parents Punished for Their Own Sins? | <topic>Are the Parents Punished for Their Own Sins? | ||
| − | <opinion>Yes – Bavli Makkot, Bemidbar Rabbah, Rambam, Radak, Ralbag, R"Y | + | <opinion>Yes – Bavli Makkot, Bemidbar Rabbah, Rambam, Radak, Ralbag, R"Y Nachmias, Ohev Ger, R. Reggio, Hoil Moshe</opinion> |
<opinion>Partially (distributed punishment) – Akeidat Yitzchak</opinion> | <opinion>Partially (distributed punishment) – Akeidat Yitzchak</opinion> | ||
<opinion>Only if their descendants sin – Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Mishnat R. Eliezer 2nd possibility, R. Saadia</opinion> | <opinion>Only if their descendants sin – Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Mishnat R. Eliezer 2nd possibility, R. Saadia</opinion> | ||
<opinion>Only if their descendants are righteous – R. Yisrael b. Yosef</opinion> | <opinion>Only if their descendants are righteous – R. Yisrael b. Yosef</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>No – Mekhilta DeRashbi, Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor, Ramban, Meiri, | + | <opinion>No – Mekhilta DeRashbi, Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor, Ramban, Meiri, Sforno</opinion> |
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>Types of Sins | <topic>Types of Sins | ||
<opinion>All – Most commentators</opinion> | <opinion>All – Most commentators</opinion> | ||
<opinion>Capital crimes – Akeidat Yitzchak</opinion> | <opinion>Capital crimes – Akeidat Yitzchak</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>Idolatry – Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael, Rashi, Rambam, Radak, R. Avraham b. HaRambam, Ramban, R"Y | + | <opinion>Idolatry – Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael, Rashi, Rambam, Radak, R. Avraham b. HaRambam, Ramban, R"Y Nachmias, Abarbanel</opinion> |
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>Nature of the Punishment | <topic>Nature of the Punishment | ||
<opinion>All – Most commentators</opinion> | <opinion>All – Most commentators</opinion> | ||
<opinion>Light punishment – Shadal</opinion> | <opinion>Light punishment – Shadal</opinion> | ||
<opinion>Death – R. Astruc</opinion> | <opinion>Death – R. Astruc</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>Wiping out blood line – Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Rashbam, Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor, Rambam, Ramban, | + | <opinion>Wiping out blood line – Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Rashbam, Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor, Rambam, Ramban, Sforno, HaMeamer</opinion> |
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>"פֹּקֵד עֲוֹן אָבוֹת" – Mercy or Vengeance? | <topic>"פֹּקֵד עֲוֹן אָבוֹת" – Mercy or Vengeance? | ||
<opinion>Mercy – Mekhilta DeRashbi, Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Mishnat R. Eliezer, Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor, Shadal</opinion> | <opinion>Mercy – Mekhilta DeRashbi, Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Mishnat R. Eliezer, Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor, Shadal</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>Vengeance – Rambam, Radak, R. Yosef | + | <opinion>Vengeance – Rambam, Radak, R. Yosef Nachmias, Malbim, HaMeamer, Cassuto</opinion> |
| − | <opinion>Both – R. Saadia Gaon, Ibn Kaspi, Akeidat | + | <opinion>Both – R. Saadia Gaon, Ibn Kaspi, Akeidat Yitzchak</opinion> |
<opinion>Neither (Natural Order) – Ralbag, Hoil Moshe</opinion> | <opinion>Neither (Natural Order) – Ralbag, Hoil Moshe</opinion> | ||
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>Adult Progeny or Minors | <topic>Adult Progeny or Minors | ||
<opinion>Even innocent adult children – Avot DeRabbi Natan, Mishnat R. Eliezer 1st possibility, Rambam</opinion> | <opinion>Even innocent adult children – Avot DeRabbi Natan, Mishnat R. Eliezer 1st possibility, Rambam</opinion> | ||
<opinion>Just innocent minors – R. Astruc</opinion> | <opinion>Just innocent minors – R. Astruc</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>Guilty adults + innocent minors – Radak, R"Y | + | <opinion>Guilty adults + innocent minors – Radak, R"Y Nachmias</opinion> |
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>Personal Reward and Punishment | <topic>Personal Reward and Punishment | ||
| − | <opinion>Even in this world – Radak, R"Y | + | <opinion>Even in this world – Radak, R"Y Nachmias</opinion> |
<opinion>Only in the World to Come – R. Saadia Emunot veDeiot, R. Meir Wolf, R. D"Z Hoffmann</opinion> | <opinion>Only in the World to Come – R. Saadia Emunot veDeiot, R. Meir Wolf, R. D"Z Hoffmann</opinion> | ||
<opinion>After Resurrection – R. Shelomo Astruc</opinion> | <opinion>After Resurrection – R. Shelomo Astruc</opinion> | ||
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>Individual or National? | <topic>Individual or National? | ||
| − | <opinion>Individual only – </opinion> | + | <opinion>Individual only –</opinion> |
<opinion>National only – Cassuto</opinion> | <opinion>National only – Cassuto</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>Both – Radak, Ralbag, Akeidat | + | <opinion>Both – Radak, Ralbag, Akeidat Yitzchak, Hoil Moshe</opinion> |
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>Vayikra 20:5 | <topic>Vayikra 20:5 | ||
<opinion>Innocent adult children – R. Meir Wolf</opinion> | <opinion>Innocent adult children – R. Meir Wolf</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>Guilty family members – Sifra, Bavli Shevuot, Targum | + | <opinion>Guilty family members – Sifra, Bavli Shevuot, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonatan), Rashi, Ralbag, Malbim</opinion> |
| − | <opinion>Minors – </opinion> | + | <opinion>Minors –</opinion> |
| − | <opinion>Non-family accomplices – Onkelos, R"Y Bekhor Shor, R. Reggio</opinion> | + | <opinion>Non-family accomplices – Targum Onkelos, R"Y Bekhor Shor, R. Reggio</opinion> |
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>Confessing Sins of Parents | <topic>Confessing Sins of Parents | ||
<opinion>Sins of parents only – Shadal</opinion> | <opinion>Sins of parents only – Shadal</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>Sins of children continued their parents – Sifra, Bavli Sanhedrin, Onkelos, Targum | + | <opinion>Sins of children continued their parents – Sifra, Bavli Sanhedrin, Targum Onkelos, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonatan), Rashi, Ralbag</opinion> |
<opinion>Sins of children only – Ohev Ger</opinion> | <opinion>Sins of children only – Ohev Ger</opinion> | ||
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>Immediate Recompense in Devarim 7:10 | <topic>Immediate Recompense in Devarim 7:10 | ||
| − | <opinion>Sinner rewarded so will be punished in the World to Come – Onkelos, Targum | + | <opinion>Sinner rewarded so will be punished in the World to Come – Targum Onkelos, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonatan), R. Saadia Gaon, Rashi</opinion> |
| − | <opinion>Sinner punished – Rashbam, Ibn Ezra, Radak and R"Y | + | <opinion>Sinner punished – Rashbam, Ibn Ezra, Radak and R"Y Nachmias</opinion> |
<opinion>Sinner witnesses punishment of his descendants – R. D"Z Hoffmann</opinion> | <opinion>Sinner witnesses punishment of his descendants – R. D"Z Hoffmann</opinion> | ||
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>Individual Punishment in Devarim 24:16 | <topic>Individual Punishment in Devarim 24:16 | ||
<opinion>Human courts – R. Saadia, Rashbam, Ibn Ezra, Radak, R. Avraham b. HaRambam, Ralbag, Ibn Kaspi, Shadal</opinion> | <opinion>Human courts – R. Saadia, Rashbam, Ibn Ezra, Radak, R. Avraham b. HaRambam, Ralbag, Ibn Kaspi, Shadal</opinion> | ||
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<opinion>Divine punishment when children follow path of parents – R"Y Bekhor Shor</opinion> | <opinion>Divine punishment when children follow path of parents – R"Y Bekhor Shor</opinion> | ||
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>Nation's Claim in Yechezkel 18 | <topic>Nation's Claim in Yechezkel 18 | ||
<opinion>Righteous are punished for sins of others – R"E of Beaugency 1st interpretation, Radak, Ibn Kaspi</opinion> | <opinion>Righteous are punished for sins of others – R"E of Beaugency 1st interpretation, Radak, Ibn Kaspi</opinion> | ||
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<opinion>No point in repenting, as it will not help – Shadal</opinion> | <opinion>No point in repenting, as it will not help – Shadal</opinion> | ||
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>Prophecy of Yirmeyahu 31 and Yechezkel 18 | <topic>Prophecy of Yirmeyahu 31 and Yechezkel 18 | ||
<opinion>Nation will recognize their sins and the opportunity to repent – Ibn Kaspi, Hoil Moshe</opinion> | <opinion>Nation will recognize their sins and the opportunity to repent – Ibn Kaspi, Hoil Moshe</opinion> | ||
<opinion>Nation will no longer sin – Radak, Malbim</opinion> | <opinion>Nation will no longer sin – Radak, Malbim</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>Individual justice in the time of redemption – </opinion> | + | <opinion>Individual justice in the time of redemption –</opinion> |
<opinion>Individual justice in the World to Come – R. Saadia</opinion> | <opinion>Individual justice in the World to Come – R. Saadia</opinion> | ||
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>"פֹּקֵד" | <topic>"פֹּקֵד" | ||
<opinion>Remember – Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor</opinion> | <opinion>Remember – Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>Avenge – Onkelos, Targum | + | <opinion>Avenge – Targum Onkelos, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonatan), Ramban</opinion> |
| − | <opinion>Store up – R. Yehuda in Mekhilta DeRashbi, Mishnat R. Eliezer 2nd possibility, R. Saadia according to R"Y | + | <opinion>Store up – R. Yehuda in Mekhilta DeRashbi, Mishnat R. Eliezer 2nd possibility, R. Saadia according to R"Y Nachmias's first possibility</opinion> |
| − | <opinion>Reduce – R. Saadia according to R"Y | + | <opinion>Reduce – R. Saadia according to R"Y Nachmias's second possibility</opinion> |
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>"עַל בָּנִים עַל שִׁלֵּשִׁים וְעַל רִבֵּעִים" | <topic>"עַל בָּנִים עַל שִׁלֵּשִׁים וְעַל רִבֵּעִים" | ||
<opinion>Only the first is punished if all are wicked – Mishnat R. Eliezer 2nd possibility</opinion> | <opinion>Only the first is punished if all are wicked – Mishnat R. Eliezer 2nd possibility</opinion> | ||
<opinion>Only the fourth – Mekhilta DeRashbi, Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor</opinion> | <opinion>Only the fourth – Mekhilta DeRashbi, Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>Either the second, third, or fourth – Ramban, | + | <opinion>Either the second, third, or fourth – Ramban, Sforno</opinion> |
| − | <opinion>All four (the duration of the sinner's lifetime) – Rambam, R"Y | + | <opinion>All four (the duration of the sinner's lifetime) – Rambam, R"Y Nachmias, Akeidat Yitzchak, Abarbanel, HaMeamer, R. Reggio, Hoil Moshe</opinion> |
<opinion>Many generations (round number) – Ibn Kaspi</opinion> | <opinion>Many generations (round number) – Ibn Kaspi</opinion> | ||
<opinion>Forever – R. Yishmael b. Yosef</opinion> | <opinion>Forever – R. Yishmael b. Yosef</opinion> | ||
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>"לְשֹׂנְאָי" | <topic>"לְשֹׂנְאָי" | ||
<opinion>Parents – Ibn Kaspi, Shadal, R. D"Z Hoffmann</opinion> | <opinion>Parents – Ibn Kaspi, Shadal, R. D"Z Hoffmann</opinion> | ||
<opinion>Children – Rashi, Rashbam</opinion> | <opinion>Children – Rashi, Rashbam</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>Both – perhaps Ibn Ezra and R"Y | + | <opinion>Both – perhaps Ibn Ezra and R"Y Nachmias</opinion> |
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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<topic>"וְעֹשֶׂה חֶסֶד לַאֲלָפִים לְאֹהֲבַי" | <topic>"וְעֹשֶׂה חֶסֶד לַאֲלָפִים לְאֹהֲבַי" | ||
<opinion>Even if they sin – Cassuto</opinion> | <opinion>Even if they sin – Cassuto</opinion> | ||
| − | <opinion>All non-idolaters – Radak, R"Y | + | <opinion>All non-idolaters – Radak, R"Y Nachmias</opinion> |
| − | <opinion>Only if they are also righteous – Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor, Radak, R"Y | + | <opinion>Only if they are also righteous – Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor, Radak, R"Y Nachmias, Shadal</opinion> |
| − | <opinion>Distributed – Akeidat | + | <opinion>Distributed – Akeidat Yitzchak</opinion> |
<opinion>To all righteous people forever (unconnected to merits of Patriarchs or ancestors) – R. Reggio</opinion> | <opinion>To all righteous people forever (unconnected to merits of Patriarchs or ancestors) – R. Reggio</opinion> | ||
</topic> | </topic> | ||
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</disagreements> | </disagreements> | ||
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</page> | </page> | ||
</aht-xml> | </aht-xml> | ||
Latest revision as of 11:15, 28 January 2023
Are Children Punished for Parents' Sins?
Points of Dispute
These are some of the central points of dispute (נקודות המחלוקת) between the various exegetes:
- Are the Parents Punished for Their Own Sins?
- Yes – Bavli Makkot, Bemidbar Rabbah, Rambam, Radak, Ralbag, R"Y Nachmias, Ohev Ger, R. Reggio, Hoil Moshe
- Partially (distributed punishment) – Akeidat Yitzchak
- Only if their descendants sin – Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Mishnat R. Eliezer 2nd possibility, R. Saadia
- Only if their descendants are righteous – R. Yisrael b. Yosef
- No – Mekhilta DeRashbi, Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor, Ramban, Meiri, Sforno
- Types of Sins
- All – Most commentators
- Capital crimes – Akeidat Yitzchak
- Idolatry – Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael, Rashi, Rambam, Radak, R. Avraham b. HaRambam, Ramban, R"Y Nachmias, Abarbanel
- Nature of the Punishment
- All – Most commentators
- Light punishment – Shadal
- Death – R. Astruc
- Wiping out blood line – Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Rashbam, Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor, Rambam, Ramban, Sforno, HaMeamer
- "פֹּקֵד עֲוֹן אָבוֹת" – Mercy or Vengeance?
- Mercy – Mekhilta DeRashbi, Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Mishnat R. Eliezer, Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor, Shadal
- Vengeance – Rambam, Radak, R. Yosef Nachmias, Malbim, HaMeamer, Cassuto
- Both – R. Saadia Gaon, Ibn Kaspi, Akeidat Yitzchak
- Neither (Natural Order) – Ralbag, Hoil Moshe
- Adult Progeny or Minors
- Even innocent adult children – Avot DeRabbi Natan, Mishnat R. Eliezer 1st possibility, Rambam
- Just innocent minors – R. Astruc
- Guilty adults + innocent minors – Radak, R"Y Nachmias
- Personal Reward and Punishment
- Even in this world – Radak, R"Y Nachmias
- Only in the World to Come – R. Saadia Emunot veDeiot, R. Meir Wolf, R. D"Z Hoffmann
- After Resurrection – R. Shelomo Astruc
- Individual or National?
- Individual only –
- National only – Cassuto
- Both – Radak, Ralbag, Akeidat Yitzchak, Hoil Moshe
- Vayikra 20:5
- Innocent adult children – R. Meir Wolf
- Guilty family members – Sifra, Bavli Shevuot, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonatan), Rashi, Ralbag, Malbim
- Minors –
- Non-family accomplices – Targum Onkelos, R"Y Bekhor Shor, R. Reggio
- Confessing Sins of Parents
- Sins of parents only – Shadal
- Sins of children continued their parents – Sifra, Bavli Sanhedrin, Targum Onkelos, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonatan), Rashi, Ralbag
- Sins of children only – Ohev Ger
- Immediate Recompense in Devarim 7:10
- Sinner rewarded so will be punished in the World to Come – Targum Onkelos, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonatan), R. Saadia Gaon, Rashi
- Sinner punished – Rashbam, Ibn Ezra, Radak and R"Y Nachmias
- Sinner witnesses punishment of his descendants – R. D"Z Hoffmann
- Individual Punishment in Devarim 24:16
- Human courts – R. Saadia, Rashbam, Ibn Ezra, Radak, R. Avraham b. HaRambam, Ralbag, Ibn Kaspi, Shadal
- Divine punishment – Bavli, Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Bemidbar Rabbah
- Divine punishment when children follow path of parents – R"Y Bekhor Shor
- Nation's Claim in Yechezkel 18
- Righteous are punished for sins of others – R"E of Beaugency 1st interpretation, Radak, Ibn Kaspi
- No reason not to sin as sinners go unpunished – Rashi, R. Yosef Kara, R"E of Beaugency 2nd interpretation
- No point in repenting, as it will not help – Shadal
- Prophecy of Yirmeyahu 31 and Yechezkel 18
- Nation will recognize their sins and the opportunity to repent – Ibn Kaspi, Hoil Moshe
- Nation will no longer sin – Radak, Malbim
- Individual justice in the time of redemption –
- Individual justice in the World to Come – R. Saadia
- "פֹּקֵד"
- Remember – Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor
- Avenge – Targum Onkelos, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonatan), Ramban
- Store up – R. Yehuda in Mekhilta DeRashbi, Mishnat R. Eliezer 2nd possibility, R. Saadia according to R"Y Nachmias's first possibility
- Reduce – R. Saadia according to R"Y Nachmias's second possibility
- "עַל בָּנִים עַל שִׁלֵּשִׁים וְעַל רִבֵּעִים"
- Only the first is punished if all are wicked – Mishnat R. Eliezer 2nd possibility
- Only the fourth – Mekhilta DeRashbi, Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor
- Either the second, third, or fourth – Ramban, Sforno
- All four (the duration of the sinner's lifetime) – Rambam, R"Y Nachmias, Akeidat Yitzchak, Abarbanel, HaMeamer, R. Reggio, Hoil Moshe
- Many generations (round number) – Ibn Kaspi
- Forever – R. Yishmael b. Yosef
- "לְשֹׂנְאָי"
- Parents – Ibn Kaspi, Shadal, R. D"Z Hoffmann
- Children – Rashi, Rashbam
- Both – perhaps Ibn Ezra and R"Y Nachmias
- "וְעֹשֶׂה חֶסֶד לַאֲלָפִים לְאֹהֲבַי"
- Even if they sin – Cassuto
- All non-idolaters – Radak, R"Y Nachmias
- Only if they are also righteous – Ibn Ezra, R"Y Bekhor Shor, Radak, R"Y Nachmias, Shadal
- Distributed – Akeidat Yitzchak
- To all righteous people forever (unconnected to merits of Patriarchs or ancestors) – R. Reggio
