Bizarre Prophetic Commands/1/en

Bizarre Prophetic Commands

Introduction

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Divinely Provoked Humiliation?

Most people would probably not envy a prophet's life. Spending one's days chastising a nation who does not want to change and foretelling doom and destruction to those who don't want to hear is not an easy task. Often, prophets were ridiculed, imprisoned, or physically threatened when their message was not to the liking of the masses or rulership. Sometimes, though, the prophetic mission itself provoked humiliation or distress, as Hashem tasked the prophet with performing bizarre actions and deeds as signs for the nation.  Some of the more troubling of these include:

• Yeshayahu's nakedness – In Yeshayahu 20, the prophet is commanded to remove his sackcloth and shoes and to walk around naked "three years as a sign and wonder for Egypt and Kush".
•  Eating barley bread in dung – In Yechezkel 4, Yechezkel is commanded to eat meager rations of multi-grain bread, baked in (or on) human dung as a sign of the imminent famine to be brought by the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem (Yechezkel 4:9-17).
• Hoshea's marrying a prostitute – Finally, in Hoshea 1, Hoshea is commanded to marry a prostitute and have children with her, while in Hoshea 3 he is told to "love an adultress".

How are we to understand these directives?  Why would Hashem instruct a prophet to engage in embarrassing behavior?  Would not such actions cause the prophet to be viewed with disrespect by the nation?  Why would anyone heed the messages of a prophet who marries a prostitute or take someone who walks around naked seriously?  Could Hashem not have relayed these messages via means which would not be so harmful to the reputations of His prophets?

Commanding a Transgression

In at least one case, it appears that Hashem's commands might not just cause shame, but also necessitate transgressing one of Hashem's commandments.

• In Yechezkel 5, Hashem tells Yechezkel to shave his hair and beard, to burn a third, cut a third, and throw the last third to the wind, as a sign of the destruction and exile of the nation. If Yechezkel was directed to shave all the hair of his face and head, as might be implied by the verses, this would include shaving his sideburns, an act prohibited by Vayikra 19:27!¹
• Some are similarly troubled by Hoshea's marrying a prostitute. Though the Torah prohibits marriage of a prostitute only with a priest, one might expect prophets to be held to a higher standard as well. Thus, even if there is no legal prohibition, it would appear not to be a desired union.

Can Hashem command someone to transgress a Biblical law, or even the spirit of the law?  And, even if so, why would Hashem demand of His prophets to engage in behavior which onlookers might find legally problematic?

Burdensome or Dismaying Missions

A third category of commands are neither shameful nor legally problematic, but simply burdensome or extremely distressful to the prophet:

• In Yirmeyahu 13, as part of a symbolic act, Yirmeyahu is supposed to travel back and forth to the Perat River. If this refers to the Euphrates, this would entail traveling hundreds of kilometers!
• In Yirmeyahu 16, isolation is effectively decreed on the prophet when he is prohibited to marry, bear children, or visit a house of feasting or mourning.²  Yechezkel is similarly commanded not to eulogize, mourn, or cry after the death of his wife (Yechezkel 24).
• In Yechezkel 4, Yechezkel is directed to lie on his left side for 390 days and then his right side for 40 more days to "carry the sins" of Yehuda and Yisrael. Hashem further tells him that that he will tie him with rope so that he not turn from side to side during his symbolic besiegement. 

These demands seem a huge personal price to pay in order to relay certain messages to the people.  Was dooming Yirmeyahu to a life of bachelorhood really necessary? Was forcing Yechezkel to react stoically to a loved one's death the only way to teach the nation that they, too, would eventually have no tears left? Moreover, how effective were these symbolic acts?  Would the people have necessarily connected Yirmeyahu's single status and asocial behavior to any Divine message?  Who would have witnessed the symbolic act at the Euphrates or Yechezkel's lying on his side?

¹ It should be noted, however, that the verses do not explicitly state that he shaved his sideburns.

² Abarbanel further points out that these action are positive commandments (eulogizing the dead and bringing happiness to a bride are part of the commandment of "גמילות חסדים", while bearing children is a fulfillment of the command, "פְּרוּ וּרְבוּ") so it strange that Hashem would keep Yirmeyahu from fulfilling such obligations.