Channah's Prayer/1/en

Channah's Prayer

Introduction

Salvation from What?

Channah's prayer (Shemuel I 2:1-10) follows the birth of her son Shemuel and the fulfillment of her vow to consecrate him to Hashem.  It opens with the exultation and exaltation of "עָלַץ לִבִּי בַּי"י רָמָה קַרְנִי בַּי"י", which appear to begin a ode of praise and thanksgiving for Hashem's answering of her personal quest for a son.  Surprisingly, though, the remainder of the prayer contains, at most, a lone passing reference to the birth of Shemuel.¹  Instead, it suddenly veers from this path to battle-related imagery, including enemies ("רָחַב פִּי עַל אוֹיְבַי"), salvation ("שָׂמַחְתִּי בִּישׁוּעָתֶךָ"), and warriors ("קֶשֶׁת גִּבֹּרִים חַתִּים וְנִכְשָׁלִים אָזְרוּ חָיִל").  The reader is thus left to wonder:  who is this enemy and from whom or what was (or is) Channah being rescued?

The conclusion of the song is even more puzzling, as there Channah prays that Hashem give strength to His king and anointed one ("וְיִתֶּן עֹז לְמַלְכּוֹ וְיָרֵם קֶרֶן מְשִׁיחוֹ"), despite there being no monarchy at this point in Israelite history.  About which king is Channah praying?²  Moreover, why would she mention a king in a personal prayer of thanksgiving? The mixture of images makes the reader wonder if perhaps more lurks beneath the surface of Channah's words than was originally anticipated.

Additonal Questions

Several other aspects of the song raise questions as well:

• "אַל תַּרְבּוּ תְדַבְּרוּ גְּבֹהָה גְבֹהָה" – To whom are these words addressed?  To what "high talk" is Channah referring and trying to counter?
• Life reversals – The heart of the song lists a series of changes in fortune, emphasizing how both the elite can fall and the downtrodden can rise.  What is Channah's goal in bringing all these examples?  Is she trying to comfort the despondent, rattle the overconfident, or both?
• "...י"י יֵחַתּוּ מְרִיבָיו עָלָיו בַּשָּׁמַיִם יַרְעֵם" – Is Hashem the object of this sentence or simply the address of the request?  If the former, why is Channah praying for the defeat of Hashem's enemies?  If the latter, about whose enemies is she speaking?  Either way, how is this sentence connected to the rest of the prayer?

¹ See Shemuel I 2:5 "עַד עֲקָרָה יָלְדָה שִׁבְעָה וְרַבַּת בָּנִים אֻמְלָלָה".  While the Midrash (cited by Rashi) understands this verse to refer to Channah (and Peninah), on a simple level this is difficult, as Channah has only borne one child until this point.

² See also Channah's Prayer and David's Song.