Chazael and the Tel Dan Stele
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Biblical Texts
Melakhim I 19:15-18מלכים א׳ י״ט:ט״ו-י״ח
| (15) And the Lord said unto him: 'Go, return on thy way to the wilderness of Damascus; and when thou comest, thou shalt anoint Hazael to be king over Aram; (16) and Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel; and Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abel-meholah shalt thou anoint to be prophet in thy room. (17) And it shall come to pass, that him that escapeth from the sword of Hazael shall Jehu slay; and him that escapeth from the sword of Jehu shall Elisha slay. (18) Yet will I leave seven thousand in Israel, all the knees whichhave not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him.' | (טו) וַיֹּאמֶר י"י אֵלָיו לֵךְ שׁוּב לְדַרְכְּךָ מִדְבַּרָה דַמָּשֶׂק וּבָאתָ וּמָשַׁחְתָּ אֶת חֲזָאֵל לְמֶלֶךְ עַל אֲרָם. (טז) וְאֵת יֵהוּא בֶן נִמְשִׁי תִּמְשַׁח לְמֶלֶךְ עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶת אֱלִישָׁע בֶּן שָׁפָט מֵאָבֵל מְחוֹלָה תִּמְשַׁח לְנָבִיא תַּחְתֶּיךָ. (יז) וְהָיָה הַנִּמְלָט מֵחֶרֶב חֲזָאֵל יָמִית יֵהוּא וְהַנִּמְלָט מֵחֶרֶב יֵהוּא יָמִית אֱלִישָׁע. (יח) וְהִשְׁאַרְתִּי בְיִשְׂרָאֵל שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים כׇּל הַבִּרְכַּיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹא כָרְעוּ לַבַּעַל וְכׇל הַפֶּה אֲשֶׁר לֹא נָשַׁק לוֹ. |
Melakhim II 8:7-15מלכים ב׳ ח׳:ז׳-ט״ו
| (7) And Elisha came to Damascus; and Ben-hadad the king of Aram was sick; and it was told him, saying.' The man of God is come hither.' (8) And the king said unto Hazael: 'Take a present in thy hand, and go meet the man of God, and inquire of the Lord by him, saying: Shall I recover of this sickness?' (9) So Hazael went to meet him, and took a present with him, even of every good thing of Damascus, forty camels' burden, and came and stood before him, and said: 'Thy son Ben-hadad king of Aram hath sent me to thee, saying: Shall I recover of this sickness?' (10) And Elisha said unto him: 'Go, say unto him: Thou shalt surely recover; howbeit the Lord hath shown me that he shall surely die.' (11) And he settled his countenance stedfastly upon him, until he was ashamed; and the man of God wept. (12) And Hazael said: 'Why weepeth my lord?' And he answered: 'Because I know the evil that thou wilt do unto the children of Israel: their strongholds wilt thou set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay with the sword, and wilt dash in pieces their little ones, and rip up their women with child.' (13) And Hazael said: 'But what is thy servant, who is but a dog, that he should do this great thing?' AndElisha answered: 'The Lord hath shown me that thou shalt be king over Aram.' (14) Then he departed from Elisha, and came to his master, who said to him: 'What said Elisha to thee?' And he answered: 'He told me that thou wouldest surely recover.' (15) And it came to pass on the morrow, that he took the coverlet, and dipped it in water, and spread it on his face, so that he died; and Hazael reigned in his stead. | (ז) וַיָּבֹא אֱלִישָׁע דַּמֶּשֶׂק וּבֶן הֲדַד מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם חֹלֶה וַיֻּגַּד לוֹ לֵאמֹר בָּא אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים עַד הֵנָּה. (ח) וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶל חֲזָהאֵל קַח בְּיָדְךָ מִנְחָה וְלֵךְ לִקְרַאת אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים וְדָרַשְׁתָּ אֶת י"י מֵאוֹתוֹ לֵאמֹר הַאֶחְיֶה מֵחֳלִי זֶה. (ט) וַיֵּלֶךְ חֲזָאֵל לִקְרָאתוֹ וַיִּקַּח מִנְחָה בְיָדוֹ וְכׇל טוּב דַּמֶּשֶׂק מַשָּׂא אַרְבָּעִים גָּמָל וַיָּבֹא וַיַּעֲמֹד לְפָנָיו וַיֹּאמֶר בִּנְךָ בֶן הֲדַד מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם שְׁלָחַנִי אֵלֶיךָ לֵאמֹר הַאֶחְיֶה מֵחֳלִי זֶה. (י) וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו אֱלִישָׁע לֵךְ אֱמׇר [לוֹ] (לא) חָיֹה תִחְיֶה וְהִרְאַנִי י"י כִּי מוֹת יָמוּת. (יא) וַיַּעֲמֵד אֶת פָּנָיו וַיָּשֶׂם עַד בֹּשׁ וַיֵּבְךְּ אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים. (יב) וַיֹּאמֶר חֲזָאֵל מַדּוּעַ אֲדֹנִי בֹכֶה וַיֹּאמֶר כִּי יָדַעְתִּי אֵת אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשֶׂה לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל רָעָה מִבְצְרֵיהֶם תְּשַׁלַּח בָּאֵשׁ וּבַחֻרֵיהֶם בַּחֶרֶב תַּהֲרֹג וְעֹלְלֵיהֶם תְּרַטֵּשׁ וְהָרֹתֵיהֶם תְּבַקֵּעַ. (יג) וַיֹּאמֶר חֲזָהאֵל כִּי מָה עַבְדְּךָ הַכֶּלֶב כִּי יַעֲשֶׂה הַדָּבָר הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלִישָׁע הִרְאַנִי י"י אֹתְךָ מֶלֶךְ עַל אֲרָם. (יד) וַיֵּלֶךְ מֵאֵת אֱלִישָׁע וַיָּבֹא אֶל אֲדֹנָיו וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ מָה אָמַר לְךָ אֱלִישָׁע וַיֹּאמֶר אָמַר לִי חָיֹה תִחְיֶה. (טו) וַיְהִי מִמׇּחֳרָת וַיִּקַּח הַמַּכְבֵּר וַיִּטְבֹּל בַּמַּיִם וַיִּפְרֹשׂ עַל פָּנָיו וַיָּמֹת וַיִּמְלֹךְ חֲזָהאֵל תַּחְתָּיו. |
Melakhim II 8:26-29מלכים ב׳ ח׳:כ״ו-כ״ט
| (26) Two and twenty years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign; and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Athaliah the daughter of Omri king of Israel. (27) And he walked in the way of the house of Ahab, and did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, as did the house of Ahab; for he was the son-in-law of the house of Ahab. (28) And he went with Joram the son of Ahab to war against Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth-gilead; and the Arameans wounded Joram. (29) And king Joram returned to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds which the Arameans had given him at Ramah, when he fought against Hazael king of Aram. And Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Joram the son of Ahab in Jezreel, because he was sick. | (כו) בֶּן עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁתַּיִם שָׁנָה אֲחַזְיָהוּ בְמׇלְכוֹ וְשָׁנָה אַחַת מָלַךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָם וְשֵׁם אִמּוֹ עֲתַלְיָהוּ בַּת עׇמְרִי מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל. (כז) וַיֵּלֶךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ בֵּית אַחְאָב וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע בְּעֵינֵי י"י כְּבֵית אַחְאָב כִּי חֲתַן בֵּית אַחְאָב הוּא. (כח) וַיֵּלֶךְ אֶת יוֹרָם בֶּן אַחְאָב לַמִּלְחָמָה עִם חֲזָאֵל מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם בְּרָמֹת גִּלְעָד וַיַּכּוּ אֲרַמִּים אֶת יוֹרָם. (כט) וַיָּשׇׁב יוֹרָם הַמֶּלֶךְ לְהִתְרַפֵּא בְיִזְרְעֶאל מִן הַמַּכִּים אֲשֶׁר יַכֻּהוּ אֲרַמִּים בָּרָמָה בְּהִלָּחֲמוֹ אֶת חֲזָהאֵל מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם וַאֲחַזְיָהוּ בֶן יְהוֹרָם מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה יָרַד לִרְאוֹת אֶת יוֹרָם בֶּן אַחְאָב בְּיִזְרְעֶאל כִּי חֹלֶה הוּא. |
Melakhim II 9:14-28מלכים ב׳ ט׳:י״ד-כ״ח
| (14) So Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi conspired against Joram.—Now Joram had been guarding Ramoth-gilead, he and all Israel, because of Hazael king of Aram; (15) but king Joram was returned to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds which the Arameans had given him, when he fought with Hazael king of Aram.—And Jehu said: 'If this be your mind, then let none escape and go forth out of the city, to go to tell it in Jezreel.' (16) So Jehu rode in a chariot, and went to Jezreel; for Joram lay there. And Ahaziah king of Judah was come down to see Joram. (17) Now the watchman stood on the tower in Jezreel, and he spied the company of Jehu as he came, and said: 'I see a company.' And Joram said: 'Take a horseman, and send to meet them, and let him say: Is it peace?' (18) So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said: 'Thus saith the king: Is it peace?' And Jehu said: 'What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me.' And the watchman told, saying: 'The messenger came to them, but he cometh not back.' (19) Then he sent out a second on horseback, who came to them, and said: 'Thus saith the king: Is it peace?' And Jehu answered: 'What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me.' (20) And the watchman told, saying: 'He came even unto them, and cometh not back; and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously.' (21) And Joram said: 'Make ready.' And they made ready his chariot. And Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah went out, each in his chariot, and they went out to meet Jehu, and found him in the portion of Naboth the Jezreelite. (22) And it came to pass, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said: 'Is it peace, Jehu?' And he answered: 'What peace, so long as the harlotries of thy mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?' (23) And Joram turnedhis hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah: 'There is treachery, O Ahaziah.' (24) And Jehu drew his bow with his full strength, and smote Joram between his arms, and the arrow went out at his heart, and he sunk down in his chariot. (25) Then said [Jehu] to Bidkar his captain: 'Take up, and cast him in the portion of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite; for remember how that, when I and thou rode together after Ahab his father, the Lord pronounced this burden against him: (26) Surely I have seen yesterday the blood of Naboth, and the blood of his sons, saith the Lord; and I will requite thee in this plot, saith the Lord. Now therefore take and cast him into the plot of ground, according to the word of the Lord.' (27) But when Ahaziah the king of Judah saw this, he fled by the way of the garden-house. And Jehu followed after him, and said: 'Smite him also in the chariot'; [and they smote him] at the ascent of Gur, which is by Ibleam. And he fled to Megiddo, and died there. (28) And his servants carried him in a chariot to Jerusalem, and buried him in his sepulchre with his fathers in the city of David. | (יד) וַיִּתְקַשֵּׁר יֵהוּא בֶּן יְהוֹשָׁפָט בֶּן נִמְשִׁי אֶל יוֹרָם וְיוֹרָם הָיָה שֹׁמֵר בְּרָמֹת גִּלְעָד הוּא וְכׇל יִשְׂרָאֵל מִפְּנֵי חֲזָאֵל מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם. (טו) וַיָּשׇׁב יְהוֹרָם הַמֶּלֶךְ לְהִתְרַפֵּא בְיִזְרְעֶאל מִן הַמַּכִּים אֲשֶׁר יַכֻּהוּ אֲרַמִּים בְּהִלָּחֲמוֹ אֶת חֲזָאֵל מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם וַיֹּאמֶר יֵהוּא אִם יֵשׁ נַפְשְׁכֶם אַל יֵצֵא פָלִיט מִן הָעִיר לָלֶכֶת [לְהַגִּיד] (לגיד) בְּיִזְרְעֶאל. (טז) וַיִּרְכַּב יֵהוּא וַיֵּלֶךְ יִזְרְעֶאלָה כִּי יוֹרָם שֹׁכֵב שָׁמָּה וַאֲחַזְיָה מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה יָרַד לִרְאוֹת אֶת יוֹרָם. (יז) וְהַצֹּפֶה עֹמֵד עַל הַמִּגְדָּל בְּיִזְרְעֶאל וַיַּרְא אֶת שִׁפְעַת יֵהוּא בְּבֹאוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר שִׁפְעַת אֲנִי רֹאֶה וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוֹרָם קַח רַכָּב וּשְׁלַח לִקְרָאתָם וְיֹאמַר הֲשָׁלוֹם. (יח) וַיֵּלֶךְ רֹכֵב הַסּוּס לִקְרָאתוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר כֹּה אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ הֲשָׁלוֹם וַיֹּאמֶר יֵהוּא מַה לְּךָ וּלְשָׁלוֹם סֹב אֶל אַחֲרָי וַיַּגֵּד הַצֹּפֶה לֵאמֹר בָּא הַמַּלְאָךְ עַד הֵם וְלֹא שָׁב. (יט) וַיִּשְׁלַח רֹכֵב סוּס שֵׁנִי וַיָּבֹא אֲלֵהֶם וַיֹּאמֶר כֹּה אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ שָׁלוֹם וַיֹּאמֶר יֵהוּא מַה לְּךָ וּלְשָׁלוֹם סֹב אֶל אַחֲרָי. (כ) וַיַגֵּד הַצֹּפֶה לֵאמֹר בָּא עַד אֲלֵיהֶם וְלֹא שָׁב וְהַמִּנְהָג כְּמִנְהַג יֵהוּא בֶן נִמְשִׁי כִּי בְשִׁגָּעוֹן יִנְהָג. (כא) וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוֹרָם אֱסֹר וַיֶּאְסֹר רִכְבּוֹ וַיֵּצֵא יְהוֹרָם מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲחַזְיָהוּ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה אִישׁ בְּרִכְבּוֹ וַיֵּצְאוּ לִקְרַאת יֵהוּא וַיִּמְצָאֻהוּ בְּחֶלְקַת נָבוֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִי. (כב) וַיְהִי כִּרְאוֹת יְהוֹרָם אֶת יֵהוּא וַיֹּאמֶר הֲשָׁלוֹם יֵהוּא וַיֹּאמֶר מָה הַשָּׁלוֹם עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל אִמְּךָ וּכְשָׁפֶיהָ הָרַבִּים. (כג) וַיַּהֲפֹךְ יְהוֹרָם יָדָיו וַיָּנֹס וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל אֲחַזְיָהוּ מִרְמָה אֲחַזְיָה. (כד) וְיֵהוּא מִלֵּא יָדוֹ בַקֶּשֶׁת וַיַּךְ אֶת יְהוֹרָם בֵּין זְרֹעָיו וַיֵּצֵא הַחֵצִי מִלִּבּוֹ וַיִּכְרַע בְּרִכְבּוֹ. (כה) וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל בִּדְקַר שָׁלִשֹׁה שָׂא הַשְׁלִכֵהוּ בְּחֶלְקַת שְׂדֵה נָבוֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִי כִּי זְכֹר אֲנִי וָאַתָּה אֵת רֹכְבִים צְמָדִים אַחֲרֵי אַחְאָב אָבִיו וַי"י נָשָׂא עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּשָּׂא הַזֶּה. (כו) אִם לֹא אֶת דְּמֵי נָבוֹת וְאֶת דְּמֵי בָנָיו רָאִיתִי אֶמֶשׁ נְאֻם י"י וְשִׁלַּמְתִּי לְךָ בַּחֶלְקָה הַזֹּאת נְאֻם י"י וְעַתָּה שָׂא הַשְׁלִכֵהוּ בַּחֶלְקָה כִּדְבַר י"י. (כז) וַאֲחַזְיָה מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה רָאָה וַיָּנׇס דֶּרֶךְ בֵּית הַגָּן וַיִּרְדֹּף אַחֲרָיו יֵהוּא וַיֹּאמֶר גַּם אֹתוֹ הַכֻּהוּ אֶל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה בְּמַעֲלֵה גוּר אֲשֶׁר אֶת יִבְלְעָם וַיָּנׇס מְגִדּוֹ וַיָּמׇת שָׁם. (כח) וַיַּרְכִּבוּ אֹתוֹ עֲבָדָיו יְרוּשָׁלְָמָה וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ בִקְבֻרָתוֹ עִם אֲבֹתָיו בְּעִיר דָּוִד. |
Ancient Near Eastern Texts
| 1. [... ] and cut [... ] 2. [...] my father went up [against him when] he fought at [... ] 3. And my father lay down, he went to his [ancestors] and the king of I[s-] 4. rael entered previously in my father’s land. [And] Hadad made me king. 5. And Hadad went in front of me, [and] I departed from [the] seven [...-] 6. of my kingdom, and I slew [seve]nty kin[gs], who harnessed thou[sands of cha-] 7. riots and thousands of horsemen. [I killed Jo]ram son of [Ahab] 8. king of Israel, and [I] killed [Ahaz]iahu son of [Jehoram kin-] 9. g of the House of David. And I set [their towns into ruins and turned] 10. their land into [desolation .. ] 11. other [... and Jehu ru-] 12. led over Is[rael ... and I laid] 13. siege upon [.... ] | 1. [ ]מר.ע[ ] וגזר[ ] 2. [ ]אבי.יסק [.עלוה.בה] תלחמה.בא--[- ] 3. וישכב.אבי.יהך.אל [.אבהו]ה.ויעל.מלכי[ ש] 4. ראל.קדם.בארק.אבי[.ו]יהמלך.הדד[.]א[יתי] 5. אנה.ויהך.הדד.קדמי[.ו]אפק.מן.שבע[ת---] 6. י.מלכי.ואקתל.מל[כן.שב]ען.אסרי.א[לפי.ר] 7. כב.ואלפי.פרש.[קתלת.אית.יהו]רם.בר.[אחאב.] 8. מלך.ישראל.וקתל[ת.אית.אחז]יהו.בר.[יהורם.מל] 9. ך.ביתדוד.ואשם.[אית.קרית.הם.חרבת.ואהפך.א] 10. ית.ארק.הם.ל[ישמן ] 11. אחרן.ולה יהוא.מ] 12. לך.על.יש[ראל. ואשם.] 13. מצר.על[. ] |