Difference between revisions of "Commentators:R. Nissim Gaon/0"

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<infobox class="Parshan">
 
<infobox class="Parshan">
 
<title>R. Nissim Gaon</title>
 
<title>R. Nissim Gaon</title>
 
 
<row>
 
<row>
 
<label>Name</label>
 
<label>Name</label>
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<row>
 
<row>
 
<label>Works</label>
 
<label>Works</label>
<content>Sefer Mafteach Manulei HaTalmud, Megillat Setarim, Talmud commentaries, Halakhic rulings, Hibbur MeHaYeshuah</content>
+
<content>Sefer Mafteach Manulei HaTalmud, Megillat Setarim, Talmud commentaries, Halakhic rulings, Chibbur Yafeh MeHaYeshuah</content>
 
</row>
 
</row>
 
<row>
 
<row>
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</div>
 
</div>
 
<category>Background
 
<category>Background
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong></strong></p>
 
 
<subcategory>Life
 
<subcategory>Life
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li><b>Name</b> –&#160;
+
<li><b>Name</b> – R. Nissim b. Yaakov b. Nissim ibn Sahin&#160;
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li><b>Hebrew name</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Hebrew name</b> – נסים בן יעקב בן נסים בן ישעיהו אבן שאהין</li>
<li><b>_ name</b> –&#160;</li>
 
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</li>
 
</li>
<li><b>Dates</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Dates</b> – c. 1000 - 1062<fn>The year of R. Nissim's death is known due to the discovery of a letter in which a merchant writes of how he mourned R. Nissim's death&#160;soon after it occurred.&#160;Goitein, S.D. (1962) “New Sources Concerning the Nagids of Qayrawan and R. Nissim” [Hebrew]. <i>Zion</i> 27:1</fn></li>
<li><b>Location</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Location</b> – Kairouan (modern-day Tunisia)</li>
<li><b>Education</b> –&#160;</li>
 
<li><b>Occupation</b> &#160;</li>
 
<li><b>Family</b> –&#160;</li>
 
<li><b>Teachers</b> –&#160;</li>
 
<li><b>Contemporaries</b> –&#160;</li>
 
<li><b>Students</b> –&#160;</li>
 
<li><b>Time period</b> –&#160;
 
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li></li>
+
<li>Beginning in&#160;about 1057,&#160;the city of Kairouan was attacked and ransacked repeatedly, and eventually the entire Jewish community was forced out of the city. For the last years of his life, R. Nissim lived in Mahdia (on the Tunisian coast).<fn>Goitein, S.D. (1962) “New Sources Concerning the Nagids of Qayrawan and R. Nissim” [Hebrew]. Zion 27:1</fn></li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
</li>
+
<li><b>Occupation</b> – R. Nissim is noted in multiple letters as a ריש בי מדרש, the head of a rabbinic study hall in Kairouan.<fn>M. Ben-Sasson, צמיחת הקהילה היהודית בארצות האסלאם: קירואן 800-1057 (Israel: 1996)</fn></li>
<li><b>World outlook</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Family</b> –&#160;His father, R. Yaakov b. Nissim, was an important rabbinic figure in Kairouan; R. Yaakov was responsible for the strong connection between Kairouan and the Yeshiva of R. Hai Gaon in Baghdad.<fn>On R. Yaakov, see M. Ben-Sasson, צמיחת הקהילה היהודית בארצות האסלאם: קירואן 800-1057 (Israel: 1996), p. 208-213</fn>&#160;Accroding to R. Avraham ibn Daud, the daughter of R. Nissim was married to Yehosef, the son of R. Shemuel HaNagid.</li>
 +
<li><b>Teachers</b> – R. Hai Gaon,<fn>Recorded by R. Avraham ibn Daud, <i>Sefer haKabbalah.&#160;</i>R. Chaim Yosef David Azulai (the "Chida")&#160;suggests (<i>Shem haGedolim, Nissim Gaon</i>) that&#160;R. Nissim did not study from R. Hai but learned 'from him' through written correspondence.</fn> R. Hushiel b. Elhanan (the father of R. <a href="R. Chananel b. Chushiel" data-aht="parshan">Hananel</a>).<fn>In R. Nissim's commentary to Berakhot 9b, he refers to R. Hushiel as "הרב הקדוש רבנו חושיאל ריש בי רבנן ז"ל ולתחיה"</fn>&#160;</li>
 +
<li><b>Contemporaries</b> –&#160;&#160;<a href="R. Chananel b. Chushiel" data-aht="parshan">Rabbeinu Chananel</a>, R. Shmuel ha-Nagid, Shelomo ibn Gabirol</li>
 +
<li><b>Time period</b> – R. Avraham ibn Daud and R. Menachem Meiri refer to R. Nissim as one of three rabbis who make up the first generation of <i>Rabbanim,</i> the successors to the Geonim.<fn>R. Avraham ibn Daud, <i>Sefer ha-Kabbalah</i>, R. Menachem Meiri, Commentary,&#160;<i>Introduction to Avot</i></fn></li>
 +
<li><b>World outlook</b> – In introductions to his works, R. Nissim expresses his desire to use his books in order to lift people's spirits<fn>See his introduction to Sefer&#160;<i>Yafeh mi-haYeshuah</i>, quoting a story regarding R. Berokah and Eliyahu, saying יהיה חלקינו עם אותם העושים מעשים טובים, referring specifically to cheering up the depressed.</fn> and&#160;ease&#160;the Torah study of his students.<fn>He writes in the introduction to his Sefer haMafteach,&#160;ולפי שראיתי הרבה מהתלמידים בזמננו זה לא עמדו על זה ויטרחו בבקשת אותה הראיה ולא ימצאו אותה ויתקשה עליהם ההלכה ותסתתם, ראיתי שאקבצם ואחברם יחד בספר. Such an attitude is a common theme in all R. Nissim's writings. Another example (<i>Sefer haMafteach</i> to Shabbat 132b):&#160;וזה שהוצרכתי לפרש דבר זה לפי שראיתיו מסובך אצל כל התלמידים וביארתיו כדי שיתגלה ויתברר</fn></li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</subcategory>
 
</subcategory>
 
<subcategory>Works
 
<subcategory>Works
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li><b>Biblical commentaries</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Biblical commentaries</b> – Although there is no record of any Torah commentary by R. Nissim, because many of his responsa deal with questions of biblical texts, he is cited by many classical Torah commentaries, such as R. David Kimhi<fn>Bereshit 5:3</fn> and Ramban.<fn>Bamidbar 8:1</fn></li>
 
<li><b>Rabbinics</b> –&#160;
 
<li><b>Rabbinics</b> –&#160;
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li><b>Talmudic novellae</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Talmudic novellae</b> –&#160;<i>Sefer ha-Mafteach</i>, a work cross-referencing the Talmud and documenting&#160;citations of other rabbinic&#160;statements in the Talmud&#160;was composed on several tractates (although the only complete sections that have survived are on Berakhot, Shabbat, and Eruvin). R. Nissim also composed a separate commentary on Eruvin, and possibly other tractates or chapters.<fn>Abramson, Sh.&#160;רב נסים גאון: חמשה ספרים נפתחים [R. Nissim Gaon: Libelli Quinque]. Jerusalem, 1965. Abramson suggests that R. Nissim also wrote commentaries on all of Masekhet Berakhot, the first two chapters of Sanhedrin, and the first chapter of Yevamot.</fn>&#160;&#160;</li>
<li><b>Halakhic codes</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Halakhic codes</b> – An incomplete manuscript of R. Nissim's work (in Arabic) on the Laws of the Four Species has been published. External evidence indicates that R. Nissim wrote halakhic works on the laws of Purim,&#160;<i>Shomrim</i>, and perhaps other topics.<fn>Abramson, Sh. רב נסים גאון: חמשה ספרים נפתחים [R. Nissim Gaon: Libelli Quinque]. Jerusalem, 1965. A Hebrew translation of R. Nissim's book on the Laws of the Four Species is included in&#160;<i>Peirush Rabbienu Hananel: Masekhet Sukkah (</i>Lev Sameach)</fn></li>
<li><b>Responses to the works of others</b> &#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Responsa</b> – At least 200 responsa of R. Nissim were collected (in his lifetime) into a compendium with the title of <i>Megillat Setarim</i>.<fn>Abramson, Sh. רב נסים גאון: חמשה ספרים נפתחים [R. Nissim Gaon: Libelli Quinque]. Jerusalem, 1965. The entire work has not survived, but numerous fragments and citations allow for a nearly complete reconstruction (at least of the Hebrew sections), although the only&#160;attempt to do so in print was Poznanski, S. ליקוטים מן ספר מגילת סתרים לרבינו נסים בר יעקב מקירואן, 1860</fn>&#160;</li>
<li><b>Responsa</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Rabbinic Legends&#160;</b>–&#160;With the goal of comforting his son-in-law after the loss of a child, R. Nissim composed a book called <i>Hibur Yafeh me-haYeshuah&#160;</i>comprising&#160;of rabbinic tales from Talmud, Midrash, and other sources demonstrating God's providence in ensuring that the righteous are rewarded.<fn>Hirschberg, H.Z. (ed.) <i>Hibbur Yafeh mei-ha-Yeshuah</i>. Jerusalem, 1954 (2nd ed. 1980). This publication is based off a Hebrew manuscript which was a translation of the Arabic original, which has been mostly lost.</fn></li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</li>
 
</li>
<li><b>Jewish thought</b> –&#160;</li>
 
<li><b>Misattributed works</b> –&#160;</li>
 
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</subcategory>
 
</subcategory>
 
</category>
 
</category>
<category>Torah Commentary
+
<category>Writings
 
<subcategory>Characteristics
 
<subcategory>Characteristics
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li><b>Verse by verse / Topical</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Language</b> – R. Nissim appears to have mostly written in Arabic,&#160;with the possible exception of&#160;his commentary on Eruvin&#160;and some letters of responsa.<fn>Abramson, Sh. רב נסים גאון: חמשה ספרים נפתחים [R. Nissim Gaon: Libelli Quinque]. Jerusalem, 1965</fn>&#160;</li>
<li><b>Genre</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Comprehensiveness</b>&#160;Throughout his writings, but most prominently in his&#160;<i>Sefer ha-Mafte'ah</i>, R. Nissim presents a topic by referencing nearly all of the relevant rabbinic material from a wide variety of sources (from Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud, and Midrash).<fn>In a surviving quote from <i>Megillat Setarim,</i> R. Nissim writes about himself that, when questioned about a certain topic, he was eager to&#160;demonstrate to his interlocutor how his position is supported from Talmud Bavli, Yerushalmi, Sifri, Sefer Yetzirah, etc.&#160;אני אודיעך הדברים שאירעו לי בעניין זה, שמקצת המספקין נתכוון לשאליני בכיוצא בזה וביקש ממני הסרת זה הדמיון מלבו מכח דברי רז"ל. שאלני על מה שאמרו בפרק ראשון של ברכות 'אמר ר' ישמעאל בן אלישע… הבאתי מסכת ברכות ופתחתי בפרק ראשון עד שהוצאתי זה הדבר, ואחר כך הוצאתי לו בזה הפרק עצמו אחר דפים מועדים דבר אחר, וזהו, הני חמשה ברכי נפשי את ה' כנגד מי… ונאמר במסכת חגיגה, אתם הקבלתם פנים הנראים… ותמצא עוד בתלמוד ארץ ישראל בסוף מסכת פאה כיוצא בזה… עוד הבאתי ספרא וספרי, והצאתי לו מה שאמרו בתחילת ספרא בפי' כי לא יראני האדם וחי… ואחר כך הוצאתי בראשית רבה… ואמרו עוד דבר זה במדרש "עלי עשור ועלי נבל" [פסיקתא רבתי] ועוד אמרוהו בספר יצירה (Simcha Emanuel, Serid Hadash mi-Sefer Megillat Setarim le-Rav Nissim Gaon, in Sefer ha-Yovel le-Rav Mordechai Breuer, ed. M Bar-Asher. Jerusalem, 1992)</fn></li>
<li><b>Structure</b> &#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Parshanut</b>&#160;In one passage, R. Nissim expresses surprise that&#160;<a href="R. Shemuel b. Chofni Gaon" data-aht="parshan">R. Shmuel b. Hofni Gaon</a> would understand a biblical verse differently than <a href="Targum Onkelos" data-aht="parshan">Targum Onkelos</a>, indicating that R. Nissim himself understood this translation to preclude alternative readings of the verse.<fn>אודיעך מה שאמר רבנו שמואל גאון ז"ל בפירושו לפרשת ואתחנן כו' ואין אנו סוברים כדברי המתרגם בזה וכו'. ודע כי כשעמדתי על מאמר זה הוקשה לי מאד ואמרתי איך יתכן שהחכם הגדול והאדון הנכבד הזה יאמר ואין אנו סוברים כדברי המתרגם בזה, למרות שהחכמים הסכימו בדעה אחת שתרגום התורה עזרא הכהן הסופר אמרו וממנו נמסר כמו שאמרו בתחילת תלמוד מגילה. Quoted in R. Reuvain Margoliot ed., R. Avraham ben haRambam,&#160;<i>Milhamot Hashem</i>. Mossad Harav Kook: Jerusalem. p 121 (see footnote there regarding authorship)</fn>&#160;</li>
<li><b>Language</b> –&#160;</li>
+
</ul>
<li><b>Peshat and derash</b> &#160;</li>
 
</ul>
 
 
</subcategory>
 
</subcategory>
 
<subcategory>Methods
 
<subcategory>Methods
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Bavli and Yerushalmi&#160;</b>– Whenever possible, R. Nissim incorporates teachings of the Talmud Yerushalmi in explaining the Talmud Bavli.<fn>בעיקר וביחוד פעל גדולות בעניינינו רבינו נסים גאון מקירואן בספרו מגילת סתרים, שבו חבר ושלב את שיטות הבבלי והירושלמי והבליט את האור ההדדי שמפיץ האחד על השני. הוא היה אחד מן הראשונים שראה שמתוך הירושלמי אפשר לפרש כמה מקומות בבבלי, כפי שנראה בעיקר ממגילת סתרים וגם מס' המפתח שלו.&#160;ר' <a href="R. Shaul Lieberman" data-aht="parshan">שאול ליברמן</a>, "משהו על מפרשים קדמונים לירושלמי," ספר היובל לכבוד אלכסנדר מארכס, ניו-יורק תש"י, עמי רפז-שיט<br/><br/></fn></li>
</ul>
+
<ul>
 +
<li>&#160;In cases of contradictions between the two talmuds, R. Nissim is recorded in one instance&#160;as stating explicitly that the Talmud Bavli is more authoritative.<fn>ודע כי התירוץ הנזכר בתלמודנו על ר' יוחנן שהוא כזית גדול אכל, בא בתלמוד ארץ ישראל באופן אחר, והוא... וזהו מאמר שאין לסמוך עליו, כי אם היה זה אמת היה נזכר בתלמודנו ולא היו משנים להביא ישוב אחר... ומכיון שלא סמכו עליו ונזקקו לתירוץ אחר זולתו, משמע מזה שהתירוץ הזה אינו נכון בעיניהם ולא נתאמת להם.<br/>חמשה ספרים לר' נסים גאון (מהד' שרגא אברמסון), עמ' 311-312</fn></li>
 +
</ul>
 +
</ul>
 
</subcategory>
 
</subcategory>
 
<subcategory>Themes
 
<subcategory>Themes
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Reason&#160;</b>– R. Nissim frequently writes how he attempts to explain rabbinic teachings "in accordance with reason," especially to defend their words against those who question their authority or wisdom<fn>See his commentary to Berakhot 32a:&#160;זה הדבר קשה היה בפני התלמידים והיו מלעיזים בו עלינו החולקין על דברי רבותינו ז״ל... ואני ברחמי שמיא פירשתיה פירוש צח וביארתי טעמיה ביאור יפה שהוא שוה לענין הכתוב ולסברא and to Shabbat 132b:&#160;ובזה הפירוש שפירשנו יסיר מלבך ספק גדול שמסתפקין בו בני אדם ושואלין עליו&#160;</fn>&#160;</li>
</ul>
+
<li><b>Philosophy<i>&#160;</i></b><i>–&#160;</i>In one letter, R. Nissim demonstrates how the rabbis recognized a philosophical principle on the nature of knowledge.<fn>Simcha Emanuel, Serid Hadash mi-Sefer Megillat Setarim le-Rav Nissim Gaon, in Sefer ha-Yovel le-Rav Mordechai Breuer, ed. M Bar-Asher. Jerusalem, 1992</fn>&#160;</li>
 +
<li><b>Inspiration</b>&#160;– the book&#160;<i>Hibur Yafeh miYeshuah</i> was written with express purpose of providing solace to its readers, and in other instances R. Nissim likewise demonstrates an interest in&#160;explaining rabbinic teachings in ways that would make them more relevant and inspiring.<fn>See his commentary to Berakhot 56b:&#160;אפשר שיהו דומים יראי שמים לדלועין שכשם שהדלועין אין בכל פירות הארץ גדולים מהם ואעפ״כ אינן מתנשאין על הארץ אלא כל זמן שהן גדלין ופרין הן מוסיפין נמיכות בארץ כך הן יראי שמים אין כל הבריות שמעלתו גבוהה ממעלתם ולא עדיף מהם... ואעפ״כ כל זמן שמוסיף להן הקב״ה גדולה וכבוד ונשיאות הן מוסיפין ענוה ונמיכו׳... ולפיכך אפשר שתהא כוונתן של חכמים בדימוי יראי שמים לדלועים בשביל הדבר הזה ועוד נשמענה מגופה של מלה דלועין דלו עיני למרום וזו היא מדת יראי שמים כמו שאמר חזקיה (ישעיה לח) דלו עיני למרום כלומר שהן בוטחין בו ומצפין אליו ומחכים לטובו והיה ישר בעיני השואל זה הפירוש גם בעיני כל התלמידים שהיו לשם ולפיכך כתבתיו בזה המקום</fn></li>
 +
</ul>
 
</subcategory>
 
</subcategory>
 
<subcategory>Textual Issues
 
<subcategory>Textual Issues
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li><b>Manuscripts</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Manuscripts</b> –&#160;</li>
<li><b>Printings</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Printings</b> –&#160;</li>
<li><b>Textual layers</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Textual layers</b> –&#160;</li>
</ul>
+
</ul>
 
</subcategory>
 
</subcategory>
 
</category>
 
</category>
Line 118: Line 113:
 
Significant Influences
 
Significant Influences
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li><b>Earlier Sources</b> –&#160;</li>
+
<li><b>Earlier Sources</b> – Geonim, especially <a href="R. Hai Gaon" data-aht="parshan">R. Hai Gaon</a>, the <a href="R. Achai Gaon (Sheiltot)" data-aht="parshan">Sheiltot</a>,<fn><i>Sefer Hamefe'ah&#160;</i>to Shabbat 42a</fn>&#160;R. Hushiel the father of&#160;<a href="R. Chananel b. Chushiel" data-aht="parshan">R. Hananel</a><fn>Sefer HaMafte'ah to Berakhot 9b</fn>&#160;(and possibly R. Hananel himself)<fn>Although R. Nissim does not cite any teaching from R. Hananel in his surviving writings, clear parallels exist between the two authors such as in their respective commentaries to Shabbat 52b</fn></li>
<li><b>Teachers</b> &#160;</li>
+
</ul>
<li><b>Foils</b> &#160;</li>
 
</ul>
 
</subcategory>
 
<subcategory name="Occasional">
 
Occasional Usage
 
<ul>
 
<li> </li>
 
</ul>
 
</subcategory>
 
<subcategory name="Possible">
 
Possible Relationship
 
<ul>
 
<li> –</li>
 
</ul>
 
 
</subcategory>
 
</subcategory>
 
</category>
 
</category>
Line 139: Line 120:
 
<subcategory>Later exegetes
 
<subcategory>Later exegetes
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li> </li>
+
<li>R. Nissim's wide-ranging responsa are&#160;quoted extensively by nearly all of the medieval commentators.<fn>Shraga Abramson's list of medieval rabbis who quote from R. Nissim is itself ten pages long; Abramson (ed.) <i>Hamisha Sefarim le-R' Nissim Gaon</i> p.&#160;234-244</fn></li>
</ul>
+
</ul>
</subcategory>
 
<subcategory>Supercommentaries
 
<ul>
 
<li> </li>
 
</ul>
 
 
</subcategory>
 
</subcategory>
 
</category>
 
</category>

Latest revision as of 08:13, 26 May 2024

R. Nissim Gaon – Intellectual Profile

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R. Nissim Gaon
Name
R. Nissim Gaon
ר' ניסים בן יעקב, רבינו ניסים גאון
Dates990?-1062
LocationKairouan
WorksSefer Mafteach Manulei HaTalmud, Megillat Setarim, Talmud commentaries, Halakhic rulings, Chibbur Yafeh MeHaYeshuah
Exegetical Characteristics
Influenced byR. Yaakov b. Nissim, R. Chushiel b. Elchanan, R. Hai Gaon, R. Chananel b. Chushiel
Impacted on

Background

Life

  • Name – R. Nissim b. Yaakov b. Nissim ibn Sahin 
    • Hebrew name – נסים בן יעקב בן נסים בן ישעיהו אבן שאהין
  • Dates – c. 1000 - 10621
  • Location – Kairouan (modern-day Tunisia)
    • Beginning in about 1057, the city of Kairouan was attacked and ransacked repeatedly, and eventually the entire Jewish community was forced out of the city. For the last years of his life, R. Nissim lived in Mahdia (on the Tunisian coast).2
  • Occupation – R. Nissim is noted in multiple letters as a ריש בי מדרש, the head of a rabbinic study hall in Kairouan.3
  • Family – His father, R. Yaakov b. Nissim, was an important rabbinic figure in Kairouan; R. Yaakov was responsible for the strong connection between Kairouan and the Yeshiva of R. Hai Gaon in Baghdad.4 Accroding to R. Avraham ibn Daud, the daughter of R. Nissim was married to Yehosef, the son of R. Shemuel HaNagid.
  • Teachers – R. Hai Gaon,5 R. Hushiel b. Elhanan (the father of R. Hananel).6 
  • Contemporaries –  Rabbeinu Chananel, R. Shmuel ha-Nagid, Shelomo ibn Gabirol
  • Time period – R. Avraham ibn Daud and R. Menachem Meiri refer to R. Nissim as one of three rabbis who make up the first generation of Rabbanim, the successors to the Geonim.7
  • World outlook – In introductions to his works, R. Nissim expresses his desire to use his books in order to lift people's spirits8 and ease the Torah study of his students.9

Works

  • Biblical commentaries – Although there is no record of any Torah commentary by R. Nissim, because many of his responsa deal with questions of biblical texts, he is cited by many classical Torah commentaries, such as R. David Kimhi10 and Ramban.11
  • Rabbinics – 
    • Talmudic novellae – Sefer ha-Mafteach, a work cross-referencing the Talmud and documenting citations of other rabbinic statements in the Talmud was composed on several tractates (although the only complete sections that have survived are on Berakhot, Shabbat, and Eruvin). R. Nissim also composed a separate commentary on Eruvin, and possibly other tractates or chapters.12  
    • Halakhic codes – An incomplete manuscript of R. Nissim's work (in Arabic) on the Laws of the Four Species has been published. External evidence indicates that R. Nissim wrote halakhic works on the laws of Purim, Shomrim, and perhaps other topics.13
    • Responsa – At least 200 responsa of R. Nissim were collected (in his lifetime) into a compendium with the title of Megillat Setarim.14 
    • Rabbinic Legends – With the goal of comforting his son-in-law after the loss of a child, R. Nissim composed a book called Hibur Yafeh me-haYeshuah comprising of rabbinic tales from Talmud, Midrash, and other sources demonstrating God's providence in ensuring that the righteous are rewarded.15

Writings

Characteristics

  • Language – R. Nissim appears to have mostly written in Arabic, with the possible exception of his commentary on Eruvin and some letters of responsa.16 
  • Comprehensiveness – Throughout his writings, but most prominently in his Sefer ha-Mafte'ah, R. Nissim presents a topic by referencing nearly all of the relevant rabbinic material from a wide variety of sources (from Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud, and Midrash).17
  • Parshanut – In one passage, R. Nissim expresses surprise that R. Shmuel b. Hofni Gaon would understand a biblical verse differently than Targum Onkelos, indicating that R. Nissim himself understood this translation to preclude alternative readings of the verse.18 

Methods

  • Bavli and Yerushalmi – Whenever possible, R. Nissim incorporates teachings of the Talmud Yerushalmi in explaining the Talmud Bavli.19
    •  In cases of contradictions between the two talmuds, R. Nissim is recorded in one instance as stating explicitly that the Talmud Bavli is more authoritative.20

Themes

  • Reason – R. Nissim frequently writes how he attempts to explain rabbinic teachings "in accordance with reason," especially to defend their words against those who question their authority or wisdom21 
  • Philosophy – In one letter, R. Nissim demonstrates how the rabbis recognized a philosophical principle on the nature of knowledge.22 
  • Inspiration – the book Hibur Yafeh miYeshuah was written with express purpose of providing solace to its readers, and in other instances R. Nissim likewise demonstrates an interest in explaining rabbinic teachings in ways that would make them more relevant and inspiring.23

Textual Issues

  • Manuscripts – 
  • Printings – 
  • Textual layers – 

Sources

Significant Influences

Impact

Later exegetes

  • R. Nissim's wide-ranging responsa are quoted extensively by nearly all of the medieval commentators.27