Difference between revisions of "Commentators:Sifra/0"
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<infobox class="Parshan"> | <infobox class="Parshan"> | ||
<title>Sifra</title> | <title>Sifra</title> | ||
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<row> | <row> | ||
<label>Name</label> | <label>Name</label> | ||
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</infobox> | </infobox> | ||
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| − | <category>Background<fn>This | + | <category>Background<fn>This section incorporates information from M. Kahana, "The Halakhic Midrashim" in The Literature of the Sages Part II, ed. Safrai et al. (Assen, 2006): 3-105 (hereafter: Kahana).</fn> |
<subcategory>Names | <subcategory>Names | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
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<ul> | <ul> | ||
<li>Manuscripts – Vatican 66, Breslau 108 (currently in the JTS library, JTS Rab. 2171), Vatican 31, Parma 139, Oxford 151, London 341.<fn>For full listings see the Finkelstein edition, and for subsequently discovered materials, see M. Kahana, Manuscripts of the Halakhic Midrashim: An Annotated Catalogue (Jerusalem, 1995): 66-88, and Kahana: 81, note 387.</fn></li> | <li>Manuscripts – Vatican 66, Breslau 108 (currently in the JTS library, JTS Rab. 2171), Vatican 31, Parma 139, Oxford 151, London 341.<fn>For full listings see the Finkelstein edition, and for subsequently discovered materials, see M. Kahana, Manuscripts of the Halakhic Midrashim: An Annotated Catalogue (Jerusalem, 1995): 66-88, and Kahana: 81, note 387.</fn></li> | ||
| − | <li>Printings – I.H. Weiss published an edition of Sifra in Vienna, 1862.<fn>Based on the earlier Venice edition and corrections based on citations in Yalkut Shimoni.</fn> To this day, Sifra is cited according to this edition. The edition has references to parallels and concise interpretive notes.< | + | <li>Printings – </li> |
| − | <li>Textual layers – Scholars have identified a core of Sifra to which several sections were added.<fn>This division into core and additions is supported by abundant evidence from various versions and manuscripts of Sifra. See Kahana: 78, 84-87. Scholars associate the core Sifra with the school of R. Akiva, and the additions with that of R. Yishmael (in other words, that the additions have their source in a no longer extant midrash on Vayikra from the school of R. Yishmael). See Introduction to the Midreshei Halakhah.</fn><br/>The core sections include expositions on: Vayikra 1:1-7:38, 10:8-18:6, 18:19, 18:24-20:5, 20:22-27:34.< | + | <ul> |
| + | <li>I.H. Weiss published an edition of Sifra in Vienna, 1862.<fn>Based on the earlier Venice edition and corrections based on citations in Yalkut Shimoni.</fn> To this day, Sifra is cited according to this edition. The edition has references to parallels and concise interpretive notes.</li> | ||
| + | <li>L. Finkelstein published (1983-1992) a critical edition of the first two dibburim of Sifra (Nedavah and Chovah) in five volumes. Each volume is distinct, as follows: an introductory volume, a text volume with parallels and a concise commentary,<fn>Finkelstein bases his text on the Vatican 66 manuscript.</fn> a volume of textual variants, a volume of extensive commentary, and an index volume<fn>With the addition of a collection of Finkelstein’s articles about the Midreshei Halakhah</fn>.</li> | ||
| + | <li>Two manuscripts have been printed as facsimile editions: Vatican 66<fn>This is considered to be by far the most reliable version of Sifra.</fn> (New York, 1957, with an introduction by L. Finkelstein) and Vaticacn 31 (Jerusalem, 1972).</li> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
| + | <li>Textual layers – Scholars have identified a core of Sifra to which several sections were added.<fn>This division into core and additions is supported by abundant evidence from various versions and manuscripts of Sifra. See Kahana: 78, 84-87. Scholars associate the core Sifra with the school of R. Akiva, and the additions with that of R. Yishmael (in other words, that the additions have their source in a no longer extant midrash on Vayikra from the school of R. Yishmael). See Introduction to the Midreshei Halakhah.</fn><br/> | ||
| + | <ul> | ||
| + | <li>The core sections include expositions on: Vayikra 1:1-7:38, 10:8-18:6, 18:19, 18:24-20:5, 20:22-27:34.</li> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
| + | <ul> | ||
| + | <li>The appended sections include:<br/>The baraita of the thirteen rules of Torah exposition (י"ג מידות שהתורה נדרשת בהן), appearing at the beginning of Sifra, <fn>Also referred to as: אגדת מילואים and תוספתא של פרשת מילואים.</fn>מכילתא דמילואים, expounding Vayikra 8:1-10:7,<fn>The fullest versions of Mekhilta DeMiluim contain two cycles of expositions on Vayikra 9:1, and two cycles on 9:22-10:7. Some manuscripts are missing the first cycle on 9:22-10:7, and one manuscript is missing the beginning of the second cycle.</fn> and מכילתא דעריות, expounding 18:1-7,<fn>This section appears only in some versions. See Kahana: 86.</fn> 20:6-22, and, out of order at the end of the unit, a section on 18:18 and 18:28.</li> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
| + | <br/><br/><br/><br/></li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</subcategory> | </subcategory> | ||
| Line 66: | Line 79: | ||
<subcategory>Genre | <subcategory>Genre | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>midrash halakhah</li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</subcategory> | </subcategory> | ||
<subcategory>Structure | <subcategory>Structure | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>The core portions of Sifra (see above, Textual layers) are divided into twelve<fn>In some versions, eleven. There is evidence, however, that there were originally nine sections. See S. Naeh, “The Structure and the Division of Torat Kohanim, A: Scrolls,” Tarbiz 66 (1997) 483-515 for a discussion of the issue and a reconstruction of the original nine sections.</fn> sections called dibburim or megillot, each with its distinct name, as follows:<br/> Nedavah (or Vayikra) – 1:1-3:17<br/> Chovah (or Nefesh) – 4:1-5:26<br/> Tzav – 6:1-7:38<br/> Sheratzim – 10:8-12:8<br/> Nega’im – 13:1-59<br/> Metzora – 14:1-57<br/> Zavim – 15:1-33<br/> Acharei – 16:1-18:30<br/> Kedoshim – 19:1-20:27<br/> Emor – 21:1-24:23<br/> Sinai – 25:1-26:2<br/> Bechukotai – 26:3-27:34<br/> See above, Textual layers regarding the additional sections of Sifra.<br/> Each dibbur (or megillah) is further subdivided into parashot, perakim, and halakhot.</li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</subcategory> | </subcategory> | ||
<subcategory>Characteristics | <subcategory>Characteristics | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>Sifra differs from other midreshei halakhah by its relative lack of aggadah, and its particularly lengthy deliberations. See also, Introduction to the Midreshei Halakhah.</li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</subcategory> | </subcategory> | ||
Latest revision as of 04:50, 30 July 2015
Sifra
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| Name | Sifra, Torat Kohanim ספרא, ספרא דבי רב, תורת כוהנים |
|---|---|
| Dates | 3rd century |
| Place | Eretz Yisrael |
| Characteristics | |
| Sources | R. Akiva |
| Impacted on |
Background1
Names
Date
3rd century
Place
Sifra was redacted in Eretz Yisrael.
Language
Mishnaic Hebrew
Text
- Manuscripts – Vatican 66, Breslau 108 (currently in the JTS library, JTS Rab. 2171), Vatican 31, Parma 139, Oxford 151, London 341.5
- Printings –
- I.H. Weiss published an edition of Sifra in Vienna, 1862.6 To this day, Sifra is cited according to this edition. The edition has references to parallels and concise interpretive notes.
- L. Finkelstein published (1983-1992) a critical edition of the first two dibburim of Sifra (Nedavah and Chovah) in five volumes. Each volume is distinct, as follows: an introductory volume, a text volume with parallels and a concise commentary,7 a volume of textual variants, a volume of extensive commentary, and an index volume8.
- Two manuscripts have been printed as facsimile editions: Vatican 669 (New York, 1957, with an introduction by L. Finkelstein) and Vaticacn 31 (Jerusalem, 1972).
- Textual layers – Scholars have identified a core of Sifra to which several sections were added.10
- The core sections include expositions on: Vayikra 1:1-7:38, 10:8-18:6, 18:19, 18:24-20:5, 20:22-27:34.
- The appended sections include:
The baraita of the thirteen rules of Torah exposition (י"ג מידות שהתורה נדרשת בהן), appearing at the beginning of Sifra, 11מכילתא דמילואים, expounding Vayikra 8:1-10:7,12 and מכילתא דעריות, expounding 18:1-7,13 20:6-22, and, out of order at the end of the unit, a section on 18:18 and 18:28.
Content
Genre
- midrash halakhah
Structure
- The core portions of Sifra (see above, Textual layers) are divided into twelve14 sections called dibburim or megillot, each with its distinct name, as follows:
Nedavah (or Vayikra) – 1:1-3:17
Chovah (or Nefesh) – 4:1-5:26
Tzav – 6:1-7:38
Sheratzim – 10:8-12:8
Nega’im – 13:1-59
Metzora – 14:1-57
Zavim – 15:1-33
Acharei – 16:1-18:30
Kedoshim – 19:1-20:27
Emor – 21:1-24:23
Sinai – 25:1-26:2
Bechukotai – 26:3-27:34
See above, Textual layers regarding the additional sections of Sifra.
Each dibbur (or megillah) is further subdivided into parashot, perakim, and halakhot.
Characteristics
- Sifra differs from other midreshei halakhah by its relative lack of aggadah, and its particularly lengthy deliberations. See also, Introduction to the Midreshei Halakhah.
Sources
Significant Influences
– Sifra makes more extensive use of Mishnah than other midreshei halakhah.
Occasional Usage
Possible Relationship
Impact
Other Midrashim
- –
Medieval Exegetes
- – Sifra is cited and discussed widely by many medieval exegetes. Notably, Rashi cites it extensively in his commentary on Vayikra.
Supercommentaries
- – The Talmud Bavli discusses many baraitot that are extremely similar to sections of Sifra.15
Commentaries of Rishonim:16
R. Avraham b. David (Ra’avad)17
Rabbenu Hillel18
R. Shimshon of Sens19
Many Acharonim have authored commentaries on Sifra.20
See also above, Printings, for the commentaries contained in the critical editions of Sifra.
