Difference between revisions of "Dictionary:אֵ-ל – אֱ-לוֹהַ – אֱ-לֹהִים/0"

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(Original Author: Aviva Novetsky, Rabbi Hillel Novetsky)
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<h1>אֵ-ל / אֱ-לוֹהַ / אֱ-לֹהִים</h1>
 
<h1>אֵ-ל / אֱ-לוֹהַ / אֱ-לֹהִים</h1>
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<title>אֵ-ל / אֱ-לוֹהַ / אֱ-לֹהִים</title>
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<title>אֵ-ל / אֱ-לוֹהַ / אֱ-לֹהִים</title>
 
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<label>Occurrences</label>
 
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<row>
 
<label>Possible Meanings</label>
 
<label>Possible Meanings</label>
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<li>Deity or celestial being</li>
 
<li>Deity or celestial being</li>
 
<li>Person possessing Divine traits</li>
 
<li>Person possessing Divine traits</li>
 
<li>Magestic characteristics of the Divine</li>
 
<li>Magestic characteristics of the Divine</li>
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<category>Possible Meanings
 
<category>Possible Meanings
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<p>While <i>El</i> (א-ל), <i>Eloah</i> (א-לוה), and <i>Elohim</i> (א-להים) all share the letters aleph and lamed, the relationship between them is uncertain. Different theories have been propounded as to whether one of them (and which one of them) is the original term from which the others were derived.<fn>See Encyclopedia Mikrait "Elohim" for further discussion.</fn></p>
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<p>While <i>El</i> (א-ל), <i>Eloah</i> (א-לוה), and <i>Elohim</i> (א-להים) all share the letters aleph and lamed, the relationship between them is uncertain. Different theories have been propounded as to whether one of them (and which one of them) is the original term from which the others were derived.<fn>See Encyclopedia Mikrait "Elohim" for further discussion.</fn></p>
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<p>The term <i>Eloah</i> (א-לוה) is used exclusively to describe a deity – frequently God, but also sometimes in the generic sense to refer to other (heathen) gods. It appears only twice in Torah (both in the Song of Haazinu – Devarim 32:15,17), and not at all in Neviim Rishonim. 41 of its 57 occurrences are in the book of Iyyov.</p>
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<p>The term <i>Eloah</i> (א-לוה) is used exclusively to describe a deity – frequently God, but also sometimes in the generic sense to refer to other (heathen) gods. It appears only twice in Torah (both in the Song of Haazinu – Devarim 32:15,17), and not at all in Neviim Rishonim. 41 of its 57 occurrences are in the book of Iyyov.</p>
 
<p><i>El</i> (א-ל) and <i>Elohim</i> (א-להים), in contrast, each have a number of Biblical usages:</p>
 
<p><i>El</i> (א-ל) and <i>Elohim</i> (א-להים), in contrast, each have a number of Biblical usages:</p>
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<subcategory name="Deity or celestial being">1. Deity or celestial being
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<subcategory name="Deity or celestial being">
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1. Deity or celestial being
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<ul>
 
<li>God of Israel – Most occurrences.</li>
 
<li>God of Israel – Most occurrences.</li>
 
<li>Heathen gods – Many other verses.</li>
 
<li>Heathen gods – Many other verses.</li>
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<subcategory name="Person possessing Divine traits or representing God">
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<subcategory name="Person possessing Divine traits or representing God">2. Person possessing Divine traits or representing God
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2. Person possessing Divine traits or representing God
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<ul>
 
<li>Authority figure or ruler – Shemot 4:16, 7:1, 15:15, Melakhim II 24:15, Yechezkel 17:13.</li>
 
<li>Authority figure or ruler – Shemot 4:16, 7:1, 15:15, Melakhim II 24:15, Yechezkel 17:13.</li>
 
<li>Judge – Shemot 21:6, 22:7-8.</li>
 
<li>Judge – Shemot 21:6, 22:7-8.</li>
 
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</ul>
 
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<subcategory name="Characteristics of the Divine">
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<subcategory name="Characteristics of the Divine">3. Characteristics of the Divine
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3. Characteristics of the Divine
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<ul>
 
<li>Majesty, greatness – Yeshayahu 14:13, Tehillim 36:7, 80:11.</li>
 
<li>Majesty, greatness – Yeshayahu 14:13, Tehillim 36:7, 80:11.</li>
 
<li>Power – Bereshit 31:29, Devarim 28:32, Mikhah 2:1, Mishlei 3:27, Nechemya 5:5.</li>
 
<li>Power – Bereshit 31:29, Devarim 28:32, Mikhah 2:1, Mishlei 3:27, Nechemya 5:5.</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</subcategory>
 
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<category>Disputed Cases
 
<category>Disputed Cases
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<p>There are many instances where the meaning of the term is debated. Examples are: Bereshit 1:2 (see Radak), 1:27 (see Rashbam, R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), 9:6 (see R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), 27:7 (see Rashbam), Shemot 12:12 (see R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), <a href="Moshe's Duties and Yitro's Advice" data-aht="page">18:15-19</a>, 22:27, 32:1 (see R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), Bemidbar 33:4 (see R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), Devarim 21:23, Shofetim 5:8, Shemuel I 2:25, Yonah 3:3, Tehillim 82:1,6, 97:7, 138:1.</p>
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<p>There are many instances where the meaning of the term is debated. Examples are: Bereshit 1:2 (see Radak), 1:27 (see Rashbam, R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), 9:6 (see R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), 27:7 (see Rashbam), Shemot 12:12 (see R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), <a href="Moshe's Duties and Yitro's Advice" data-aht="page">18:15-19</a>, 22:27, 32:1 (see R. Yosef Bekhor Shor and <a href="Sin of the Golden Calf" data-aht="page">Sin of the Golden Calf</a>), Bemidbar 33:4 (see R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), Devarim 21:23, Shofetim 5:8, Shemuel I 2:25, Yonah 3:3, Tehillim 82:1,6, 97:7, 138:1.</p>
 
<p>In some cases, אֵל is merely an abridgment of אֵלֶּה.</p>
 
<p>In some cases, אֵל is merely an abridgment of אֵלֶּה.</p>
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<li>–</li>
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<category>Idioms
 
<category>Idioms
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<subcategory xmlid="LifneihaElohim">לִפְנֵי הָאֱ-לֹהִים&#8206;<fn>Cf. &#8207;לִפְנֵי ה'&#8207;.</fn>
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<subcategory>לִפְנֵי הָאֱ-לֹהִים&#8206;<fn>Cf. &#8207;לִפְנֵי ה'&#8207;.</fn>
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<ul>
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<ul>
 
<li>In God's presence – Tehillim 56:14.</li>
 
<li>In God's presence – Tehillim 56:14.</li>
 
<li>In front of the Tabernacle, ark, or altar – Divrei HaYamim I 13:8,10, 16:1.</li>
 
<li>In front of the Tabernacle, ark, or altar – Divrei HaYamim I 13:8,10, 16:1.</li>
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<subcategory>בְּנֵי אֵלִים, בְּנֵי הָאֱ-לֹהִים
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<subcategory xmlid="BeneiElim">בְּנֵי אֵלִים, בְּנֵי הָאֱ-לֹהִים
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<ul>
 
 
<li>Angels – Iyyov 1:6, 2:1, 38:7.</li>
 
<li>Angels – Iyyov 1:6, 2:1, 38:7.</li>
 
<li>For controversial cases, see Bereshit 6:2,4, Tehillim 29:1, 89:7.</li>
 
<li>For controversial cases, see Bereshit 6:2,4, Tehillim 29:1, 89:7.</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
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<subcategory>יִרְאַת אֱ-לֹהִים
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<subcategory xmlid="YiratElohim">יִרְאַת אֱ-לֹהִים
 
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<p></p>
 
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<ul>
 
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<li>Fear of Hashem – See Bereshit 22:12 and see Shemot Rabbah 1:15 and Lekach Tov Shemot 1:17 regarding Shemot 1:17.</li>
 
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<li>Ethical and moral behavior (fear of a generic god) – Shadal Shemot 1:15 regarding <a href="Who are the Midwives" data-aht="page">Shemot 1:17,21</a> and Devarim 25:18.  Other verses which may be explained similarly – Bereshit 20:11, 42:18, Vayikra 19:14,32, 25:17,36,43, Iyyov 1:1,8, 2:3.<fn>See N. Leibowitz, Iyyunim Chadashim BeSefer Shemot (Jerusalem, 1970): 32-33 and N. Sarna, Exploring Exodus (New York, 1986): 25-26, 120-121, and see <a href="Annihilating Amalek" data-aht="page">Wiping Out Amalek</a>.</fn></li>
 
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<li>Fear of the king – Seforno Bereshit 20:11.<fn>It clearly does not mean this in Shemot 1:17,21.</fn></li>
 
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<subcategory>לִדְרֹשׁ אֱ-לֹהִים
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<subcategory xmlid="LidroshElohim">לִדְרֹשׁ אֱ-לֹהִים
 
 
<p>See <a href="Dictionary:דרש" data-aht="page">דרש</a></p>
 
<p>See <a href="Dictionary:דרש" data-aht="page">דרש</a></p>
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<category>Relationship to Synonyms
 
<category>Relationship to Synonyms
 
<subcategory><i>Elohim vs. Hashem</i>
 
<subcategory><i>Elohim vs. Hashem</i>
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<!--
 
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<li>Generic vs. particular (or national)</li>
 
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<p>See <a href="Literary Devices – Shemot 18/0#CharacterTitles" data-aht="page">Shemot 18</a>.</p>
 
<p>See <a href="Literary Devices – Shemot 18/0#CharacterTitles" data-aht="page">Shemot 18</a>.</p>
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<category>Semantic Evolution
 
<subcategory>Intra-Biblical
 
<subcategory>Intra-Biblical
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<subcategory>Rabbinic Hebrew
 
<subcategory>Rabbinic Hebrew
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<subcategory>Modern Hebrew
 
<subcategory>Modern Hebrew
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Latest revision as of 23:20, 25 February 2016

אֵ-ל / אֱ-לוֹהַ / אֱ-לֹהִים

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אֵ-ל / אֱ-לוֹהַ / אֱ-לֹהִים
Part of SpeechNoun
Occurrences
Possible Meanings
  1. Deity or celestial being
  2. Person possessing Divine traits
  3. Magestic characteristics of the Divine
Related Words_

Possible Meanings

While El (א-ל), Eloah (א-לוה), and Elohim (א-להים) all share the letters aleph and lamed, the relationship between them is uncertain. Different theories have been propounded as to whether one of them (and which one of them) is the original term from which the others were derived.1

The term Eloah (א-לוה) is used exclusively to describe a deity – frequently God, but also sometimes in the generic sense to refer to other (heathen) gods. It appears only twice in Torah (both in the Song of Haazinu – Devarim 32:15,17), and not at all in Neviim Rishonim. 41 of its 57 occurrences are in the book of Iyyov.

El (א-ל) and Elohim (א-להים), in contrast, each have a number of Biblical usages:

1. Deity or celestial being

  • God of Israel – Most occurrences.
  • Heathen gods – Many other verses.
  • Angels – Shofetim 13:22, possibly Tehillim 97:7.

2. Person possessing Divine traits or representing God

  • Authority figure or ruler – Shemot 4:16, 7:1, 15:15, Melakhim II 24:15, Yechezkel 17:13.
  • Judge – Shemot 21:6, 22:7-8.

3. Characteristics of the Divine

  • Majesty, greatness – Yeshayahu 14:13, Tehillim 36:7, 80:11.
  • Power – Bereshit 31:29, Devarim 28:32, Mikhah 2:1, Mishlei 3:27, Nechemya 5:5.

Disputed Cases

There are many instances where the meaning of the term is debated. Examples are: Bereshit 1:2 (see Radak), 1:27 (see Rashbam, R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), 9:6 (see R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), 27:7 (see Rashbam), Shemot 12:12 (see R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), 18:15-19, 22:27, 32:1 (see R. Yosef Bekhor Shor and Sin of the Golden Calf), Bemidbar 33:4 (see R. Yosef Bekhor Shor), Devarim 21:23, Shofetim 5:8, Shemuel I 2:25, Yonah 3:3, Tehillim 82:1,6, 97:7, 138:1.

In some cases, אֵל is merely an abridgment of אֵלֶּה.

  • –
  • –

  • –
  • –

Idioms

לִפְנֵי הָאֱ-לֹהִים‎2

  • In God's presence – Tehillim 56:14.
  • In front of the Tabernacle, ark, or altar – Divrei HaYamim I 13:8,10, 16:1.
  • In Bereshit 6:11, Shemot 18:12, Yehoshua 24:1 (see Radak), Shofetim 21:2 (see Abarbanel), the meaning is disputed.

בְּנֵי אֵלִים, בְּנֵי הָאֱ-לֹהִים

  • Angels – Iyyov 1:6, 2:1, 38:7.
  • For controversial cases, see Bereshit 6:2,4, Tehillim 29:1, 89:7.

יִרְאַת אֱ-לֹהִים

לִדְרֹשׁ אֱ-לֹהִים

See דרש

  • –
  • –

Relationship to Synonyms

Elohim vs. Hashem

See Shemot 18.

  • –
  • –

Semantic Evolution

Intra-Biblical

Rabbinic Hebrew

Modern Hebrew

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