Esther's Religious Identity/2

From AlHaTorah.org
Jump to navigation Jump to search

A Portrait of Esther

Exegetical Approaches

This topic has not yet undergone editorial review

Observant Jewess

Keeping Mitzvot:
  • Esther kept Mitzvot – Septuagint, Peshitta, First Targum of Megillat Esther, Midrash Tehillim, Rasag, Lekach Tov, Ibn Ezra, and R"A Saba say explicitly that Esther kept all the Mitzvot, while the rest of the commentators talk about specific Mitzvot that she followed like Shabbat, Kashrut, Niddah, and Biur Chametz.
  • Esther was forced not to – Rashi Megillah.2  Esther was compelled not to keep Mitzvot in the palace, but when she was in Mordechai's house she seemingly kept everything.
  • Esther sinned – Rokeach says that the three days Esther requested the nation will fast for her were to atone fore three sins of hers, sleeping with Achashverosh, killing Hatach, and eating non-Kosher foods.
How did Esther keep Mitzvot:
  • Shabbat
    • Hid the fact – Rava in the Bavli Megillah understands that there seven women, one for each day of the week, and one explanation3 of the Bavli is that the seventh woman was not suspicious of Esther because that is how she thought she must act all week long.
    • Others kept her secret – Esther might have revealed her observance to Hegai or her servants, but they kept it to themselves.  According to some they did so because Hegai himself was Jewish and the seven maidens had been converted by Esther.4
  • Kashrut – Rav and R. Yochanan in the Bavli Megillah say Hegai gave Esther Kosher food.  R"A Kohen explains that Hegai believed that non-Kosher food is a cause of brazenness.5  Alternatively, as above, Hegai and the maids might have been Jewish and kept her secret.
Marrying Achashverosh – See the various answers in Esther's Relations with Achashverosh, including that the ends justify the means, and Esther was forced to be taken to the palace.  Bavli Megillah, Second Targum of Megillat Esther, R. Saadia, Ibn Ezra, and R"A Saba all take the latter position.
Esther's name – Ibn Ezra suggests that Esther is a translation of Hadassah in Persian.  It is the predominant name in the Megillah because this was the name she was known by in the palace.  It is likely that she chose to do so as part of her attempts to hide her Jewish identity.6
Concealing identity – Ibn Ezra suggests Mordechai's commandment was meant to ease Esther's keeping of Mitzvot.  Had Achashverosh known her Jewish identity he would have watched carefully and force her not to.
Religious identity of the whole nation – There are two contradicting portraits of the nation in Esther Rabbah 7:12 and 7:13.  Esther can be a sample for the whole nation, following 7:12 where Haman complains to Achashverosh about the Jews who keep Shabbat and Moadim, or as the only righteous woman in a nation looking to fill their desires, like in 7:13.
Absence of Hashem in the Megillah – The absence of Hashem does not connote a lack of religiosity, but might rather be to prevent desecration of Hashem's name.7
Biblical parallels

Assimilated Persian

Keeping Mitzvot – According to this approach, Esther was not an observant Jew.  R. Reggio points out there is no evidence in the Megillah of her attempting to keep any of the commandments, and by hiding her identity she just made it harder to do so.  Since if she would have announced to everyone that she was Jewish, like Daniel did, then she would have been able to ask for Kosher food.  In addition, the Megillah does not mention that Mordechai warned Esther before he separated from her not to betray her faith, as one would have expected of a religious Jew.
Marrying Achashverosh – Esther might have had no problem marrying Achashversoh and even desired the glory of being chosen as queen.  See similarly, Radak in Esther's Relations with Achashverosh that Esther was went willingly.
Esther's name – The name Esther is the name of a Persian god,10 and it is possible that Esther changed her original name, Hadassah, to the more Persian name.  By Yosef (Bereshit 41:45) and Daniel (Daniel 1:7), they are given their second names by Paroh or the minister, though by Esther it just says plainly "הֲדַסָּה הִיא אֶסְתֵּר" (Esther 2:7).
Concealing identity – R. Reggio says Mordechai thought that her religion would hinder her chances of becoming queen.  Alternatively, R. Medan suggests Esther was embarrassed by her Jewish identity and wanted to conceal it.
Religious identity of the whole nation – R. Medan points out that the people of Persia at the time of the story were people who had the opportunity to return to Israel with the proclamation of Cyrus, but decided not to.  This, perhaps, suggests that they were not the most committed of Jews.
Absence of Hashem in the Megillah – This position might suggest that the absence in the scroll reflects the absence of Hashem in Esther and the nation's lives.
Biblical parallels – One can view Yosef as a parallel to this portrait of Esther.11  Both try to deny their origins, being important figures in the king's palace, though eventually they have to deal with their root and return to their nations.  Yosef is called Tzafenat Paneach, tries to disguise himself to his brothers, and even says explicitly "Hashem has made me forget... my parental home".
Purpose of the Megillah