Difference between revisions of "Historical Backdrop of Yeshayahu 40/5"
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<h2>Biblical Texts</h2> | <h2>Biblical Texts</h2> | ||
<source xmlid="Yeshayahu40"> | <source xmlid="Yeshayahu40"> | ||
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<h3 xml:lang="EN">Yeshayahu 40</h3> | <h3 xml:lang="EN">Yeshayahu 40</h3> | ||
| − | <text xml:lang="EN">(1) | + | <text xml:lang="EN">(1) Comfort ye, comfort ye My people, Saith your God. (2) Bid Jerusalem take heart, And proclaim unto her, That her time of service is accomplished, That her guilt is paid off; That she hath received of the Lord's hand Double for all her sins. (3) Hark! one calleth: 'Clear ye in the wilderness the way of the Lord, Make plain in the desert A highway for our God. (4) Every valley shall be lifted up, And every mountain and hill shall be made low; And the rugged shall be made level, And the rough places a plain; (5) And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, And all flesh shall see it together; For the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.' (6) Hark! one saith: 'Proclaim!' And he saith: 'What shall I proclaim?' 'All flesh is grass, And all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field; (7) The grass withereth, the flower fadeth; Because the breath of the Lord bloweth upon it— Surely the people is grass. (8) The grass withereth, the flower fadeth; But the word of our God shall stand for ever.' (9) O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion, Get thee up into the high mountain; O thou that tellest good tidings to Jerusalem, Lift up thy voice with strength; Lift it up, be not afraid; Say unto the cities of Judah: 'Behold your God! ' (10) Behold, the Lord God will come as a Mighty One, And His arm will rule for Him; Behold, His reward is with Him, And His recompense before Him. (11) Even as a shepherd that feedeth his flock, That gathereth the lambs in his arm, And carrieth them in his bosom, And gently leadeth those that give suck. (12) Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, And meted out heaven with the span, And comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, And weighed the mountains in scales, And the hills in a balance? (13) Who hath meted out the spirit of the Lord? Or who was His counsellor that he might instruct Him? (14) With whom took He counsel, and who instructed Him, And taught Him in the path of right, And taught Him knowledge, And made Him to know the way of discernment? (15) Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, And are counted as the small dust of the balance; Behold the isles are as a mote in weight. (16) And Lebanon is not sufficient fuel, Nor the beasts thereof sufficient for burnt-offerings. (17) All the nations are as nothing before Him; They are accounted by Him as things of nought, and vanity. (18) To whom then will ye liken God? Or what likeness will ye compare unto Him? (19) The image perchance, which the craftsman hath melted, And the goldsmith spread over with gold, The silversmith casting silver chains? (20) A holm-oak is set apart, He chooseth a tree that will not rot; He seeketh unto him a cunning craftsman To set up an image, that shall not be moved. (21) Know ye not? hear ye not? Hath it not been told you from the beginning? Have ye not understood the foundations of the earth? (22) It is He that sitteth above the circle of the earth, And the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; That stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, And spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in; (23) That bringeth princes to nothing; He maketh the judges of the earth as a thing of nought. (24) Scarce are they planted, Scarce are they sown, Scarce hath their stock taken root in the earth; When He bloweth upon them, they wither, And the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble. (25) To whom then will ye liken Me, that I should be equal? Saith the Holy One. (26) Lift up your eyes on high, And see: who hath created these? He that bringeth out their host by number, He calleth them all by name; By the greatness of His might, and for that He is strong in power, Not one faileth. (27) Why sayest thou, O Jacob, And speakest, O Israel: 'My way is hid from the Lord, And my right is passed over from my God'? (28) Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard That the everlasting God, the Lord, The Creator of the ends of the earth, Fainteth not, neither is weary? His discernment is past searching out. (29) He giveth power to the faint; And to him that hath no might He increaseth strength. (30) Even the youths shall faint and be weary, And the young men shall utterly fall; (31) But they that wait for the Lord shall renew their strength; They shall mount up with wings as eagles; They shall run, and not be weary; They shall walk, and not faint.</text> |
| − | Comfort ye, comfort ye My people, | ||
| − | Saith your God. | ||
| − | (2) | ||
| − | Bid Jerusalem take heart, | ||
| − | And proclaim unto her, | ||
| − | That her time of service is accomplished, | ||
| − | That her guilt is paid off; | ||
| − | That she hath received of the Lord's hand | ||
| − | Double for all her sins. | ||
| − | (3) | ||
| − | Hark! one calleth: | ||
| − | 'Clear ye in the wilderness the way of the Lord, | ||
| − | Make plain in the desert | ||
| − | A highway for our God. | ||
| − | (4) | ||
| − | Every valley shall be lifted up, | ||
| − | And every mountain and hill shall be made low; | ||
| − | And the rugged shall be made level, | ||
| − | And the rough places a plain; | ||
| − | (5) | ||
| − | And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, | ||
| − | And all flesh shall see it together; | ||
| − | For the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.' | ||
| − | (6) | ||
| − | Hark! one saith: 'Proclaim!' | ||
| − | And he saith: 'What shall I proclaim?' | ||
| − | 'All flesh is grass, | ||
| − | And all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field; | ||
| − | (7) | ||
| − | The grass withereth, the flower fadeth; | ||
| − | Because the breath of the Lord bloweth upon it— | ||
| − | Surely the people is grass. | ||
| − | (8) | ||
| − | The grass withereth, the flower fadeth; | ||
| − | But the word of our God shall stand for ever.' | ||
| − | (9) | ||
| − | O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion, | ||
| − | Get thee up into the high mountain; | ||
| − | O thou that tellest good tidings to Jerusalem, | ||
| − | Lift up thy voice with strength; | ||
| − | Lift it up, be not afraid; | ||
| − | Say unto the cities of Judah: | ||
| − | 'Behold your God! ' | ||
| − | (10) | ||
| − | Behold, the Lord God will come as a Mighty One, | ||
| − | And His arm will rule for Him; | ||
| − | Behold, His reward is with Him, | ||
| − | And His recompense before Him. | ||
| − | (11) | ||
| − | Even as a shepherd that feedeth his flock, | ||
| − | That gathereth the lambs in his arm, | ||
| − | And carrieth them in his bosom, | ||
| − | And gently leadeth those that give suck. | ||
| − | (12) | ||
| − | Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, | ||
| − | And meted out heaven with the span, | ||
| − | And comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, | ||
| − | And weighed the mountains in scales, And the hills in a balance? | ||
| − | (13) | ||
| − | Who hath meted out the spirit of the Lord? | ||
| − | Or who was His counsellor that he might instruct Him? | ||
| − | (14) | ||
| − | With whom took He counsel, and who instructed Him, | ||
| − | And taught Him in the path of right, | ||
| − | And taught Him knowledge, | ||
| − | And made Him to know the way of discernment? | ||
| − | (15) | ||
| − | Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, | ||
| − | And are counted as the small dust of the balance; | ||
| − | Behold the isles are as a mote in weight. | ||
| − | (16) | ||
| − | And Lebanon is not sufficient fuel, | ||
| − | Nor the beasts thereof sufficient for burnt-offerings. | ||
| − | (17) | ||
| − | All the nations are as nothing before Him; | ||
| − | They are accounted by Him as things of nought, and vanity. | ||
| − | (18) | ||
| − | To whom then will ye liken God? | ||
| − | Or what likeness will ye compare unto Him? | ||
| − | (19) | ||
| − | The image perchance, which the craftsman hath melted, | ||
| − | And the goldsmith spread over with gold, | ||
| − | The silversmith casting silver chains? | ||
| − | (20) | ||
| − | A holm-oak is set apart, | ||
| − | He chooseth a tree that will not rot; | ||
| − | He seeketh unto him a cunning craftsman | ||
| − | To set up an image, that shall not be moved. | ||
| − | (21) | ||
| − | Know ye not? hear ye not? | ||
| − | Hath it not been told you from the beginning? | ||
| − | Have ye not understood the foundations of the earth? | ||
| − | (22) | ||
| − | It is He that sitteth above the circle of the earth, | ||
| − | And the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; | ||
| − | That stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, | ||
| − | And spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in; | ||
| − | (23) | ||
| − | That bringeth princes to nothing; | ||
| − | He maketh the judges of the earth as a thing of nought. | ||
| − | (24) | ||
| − | Scarce are they planted, | ||
| − | Scarce are they sown, | ||
| − | Scarce hath their stock taken root in the earth; | ||
| − | When He bloweth upon them, they wither, | ||
| − | And the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble. | ||
| − | (25) | ||
| − | To whom then will ye liken Me, that I should be equal? | ||
| − | Saith the Holy One. | ||
| − | (26) | ||
| − | Lift up your eyes on high, | ||
| − | And see: who hath created these? | ||
| − | He that bringeth out their host by number, | ||
| − | He calleth them all by name; | ||
| − | By the greatness of His might, and for that He is strong in power, | ||
| − | Not one faileth. | ||
| − | (27) | ||
| − | Why sayest thou, O Jacob, | ||
| − | And speakest, O Israel: | ||
| − | 'My way is hid from the Lord, | ||
| − | And my right is passed over from my God'? | ||
| − | (28) | ||
| − | Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard | ||
| − | That the everlasting God, the Lord, | ||
| − | The Creator of the ends of the earth, | ||
| − | Fainteth not, neither is weary? | ||
| − | His discernment is past searching out. | ||
| − | (29) | ||
| − | He giveth power to the faint; | ||
| − | And to him that hath no might He increaseth strength. | ||
| − | (30) | ||
| − | Even the youths shall faint and be weary, | ||
| − | And the young men shall utterly fall; | ||
| − | (31) | ||
| − | But they that wait for the Lord shall renew their strength; | ||
| − | They shall mount up with wings as eagles; | ||
| − | They shall run, and not be weary; | ||
| − | They shall walk, and not faint.</text> | ||
<h3 xml:lang="HE">ישעיהו מ׳</h3> | <h3 xml:lang="HE">ישעיהו מ׳</h3> | ||
<text xml:lang="HE">(א) נַחֲמוּ נַחֲמוּ עַמִּי יֹאמַר אֱלֹהֵיכֶם. (ב) דַּבְּרוּ עַל לֵב יְרוּשָׁלִַם וְקִרְאוּ אֵלֶיהָ כִּי מָלְאָה צְבָאָהּ כִּי נִרְצָה עֲוֺנָהּ כִּי לָקְחָה מִיַּד י"י כִּפְלַיִם בְּכׇל חַטֹּאתֶיהָ. (ג) קוֹל קוֹרֵא בַּמִּדְבָּר פַּנּוּ דֶּרֶךְ י"י יַשְּׁרוּ בָּעֲרָבָה מְסִלָּה לֵאלֹהֵינוּ. (ד) כׇּל גֶּיא יִנָּשֵׂא וְכׇל הַר וְגִבְעָה יִשְׁפָּלוּ וְהָיָה הֶעָקֹב לְמִישׁוֹר וְהָרְכָסִים לְבִקְעָה. (ה) וְנִגְלָה כְּבוֹד י"י וְרָאוּ כׇל בָּשָׂר יַחְדָּו כִּי פִּי י"י דִּבֵּר. (ו) קוֹל אֹמֵר קְרָא וְאָמַר מָה אֶקְרָא כׇּל הַבָּשָׂר חָצִיר וְכׇל חַסְדּוֹ כְּצִיץ הַשָּׂדֶה. (ז) יָבֵשׁ חָצִיר נָבֵל צִיץ כִּי רוּחַ י"י נָשְׁבָה בּוֹ אָכֵן חָצִיר הָעָם. (ח) יָבֵשׁ חָצִיר נָבֵל צִיץ וּדְבַר אֱלֹהֵינוּ יָקוּם לְעוֹלָם. (ט) עַל הַר גָּבֹהַּ עֲלִי לָךְ מְבַשֶּׂרֶת צִיּוֹן הָרִימִי בַכֹּחַ קוֹלֵךְ מְבַשֶּׂרֶת יְרוּשָׁלִָם הָרִימִי אַל תִּירָאִי אִמְרִי לְעָרֵי יְהוּדָה הִנֵּה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם. (י) הִנֵּה אֲדֹנָי יֱ־הֹוִה בְּחָזָק יָבוֹא וּזְרֹעוֹ מֹשְׁלָה לוֹ הִנֵּה שְׂכָרוֹ אִתּוֹ וּפְעֻלָּתוֹ לְפָנָיו. (יא) כְּרֹעֶה עֶדְרוֹ יִרְעֶה בִּזְרֹעוֹ יְקַבֵּץ טְלָאִים וּבְחֵיקוֹ יִשָּׂא עָלוֹת יְנַהֵל. (יב) מִי מָדַד בְּשׇׁעֳלוֹ מַיִם וְשָׁמַיִם בַּזֶּרֶת תִּכֵּן וְכָל בַּשָּׁלִשׁ עֲפַר הָאָרֶץ וְשָׁקַל בַּפֶּלֶס הָרִים וּגְבָעוֹת בְּמֹאזְנָיִם. (יג) מִי תִכֵּן אֶת רוּחַ י"י וְאִישׁ עֲצָתוֹ יוֹדִיעֶנּוּ. (יד) אֶת מִי נוֹעָץ וַיְבִינֵהוּ וַיְלַמְּדֵהוּ בְּאֹרַח מִשְׁפָּט וַיְלַמְּדֵהוּ דַעַת וְדֶרֶךְ תְּבוּנוֹת יוֹדִיעֶנּוּ. (טו) הֵן גּוֹיִם כְּמַר מִדְּלִי וּכְשַׁחַק מֹאזְנַיִם נֶחְשָׁבוּ הֵן אִיִּים כַּדַּק יִטּוֹל. (טז) וּלְבָנוֹן אֵין דֵּי בָּעֵר וְחַיָּתוֹ אֵין דֵּי עוֹלָה. (יז) כׇּל הַגּוֹיִם כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֹ מֵאֶפֶס וָתֹהוּ נֶחְשְׁבוּ לוֹ. (יח) וְאֶל מִי תְּדַמְּיוּן אֵל וּמַה דְּמוּת תַּעַרְכוּ לוֹ. (יט) הַפֶּסֶל נָסַךְ חָרָשׁ וְצֹרֵף בַּזָּהָב יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ וּרְתֻקוֹת כֶּסֶף צוֹרֵף. (כ) הַמְסֻכָּן תְּרוּמָה עֵץ לֹא יִרְקַב יִבְחָר חָרָשׁ חָכָם יְבַקֶּשׁ לוֹ לְהָכִין פֶּסֶל לֹא יִמּוֹט. (כא) הֲלוֹא תֵדְעוּ הֲלוֹא תִשְׁמָעוּ הֲלוֹא הֻגַּד מֵרֹאשׁ לָכֶם הֲלוֹא הֲבִינוֹתֶם מוֹסְדוֹת הָאָרֶץ. (כב) הַיֹּשֵׁב עַל חוּג הָאָרֶץ וְיֹשְׁבֶיהָ כַּחֲגָבִים הַנּוֹטֶה כַדֹּק שָׁמַיִם וַיִּמְתָּחֵם כָּאֹהֶל לָשָׁבֶת. (כג) הַנּוֹתֵן רוֹזְנִים לְאָיִן שֹׁפְטֵי אֶרֶץ כַּתֹּהוּ עָשָׂה. (כד) אַף בַּל נִטָּעוּ אַף בַּל זֹרָעוּ אַף בַּל שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם וְגַם נָשַׁף בָּהֶם וַיִּבָשׁוּ וּסְעָרָה כַּקַּשׁ תִּשָּׂאֵם. (כה) וְאֶל מִי תְדַמְּיוּנִי וְאֶשְׁוֶה יֹאמַר קָדוֹשׁ. (כו) שְׂאוּ מָרוֹם עֵינֵיכֶם וּרְאוּ מִי בָרָא אֵלֶּה הַמּוֹצִיא בְמִסְפָּר צְבָאָם לְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁם יִקְרָא מֵרֹב אוֹנִים וְאַמִּיץ כֹּחַ אִישׁ לֹא נֶעְדָּר. (כז) לָמָּה תֹאמַר יַעֲקֹב וּתְדַבֵּר יִשְׂרָאֵל נִסְתְּרָה דַרְכִּי מֵי"י וּמֵאֱלֹהַי מִשְׁפָּטִי יַעֲבוֹר. (כח) הֲלוֹא יָדַעְתָּ אִם לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ אֱלֹהֵי עוֹלָם י"י בּוֹרֵא קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ לֹא יִיעַף וְלֹא יִיגָע אֵין חֵקֶר לִתְבוּנָתוֹ. (כט) נֹתֵן לַיָּעֵף כֹּחַ וּלְאֵין אוֹנִים עׇצְמָה יַרְבֶּה. (ל) וְיִעֲפוּ נְעָרִים וְיִגָעוּ וּבַחוּרִים כָּשׁוֹל יִכָּשֵׁלוּ. (לא) וְקוֹיֵ י"י יַחֲלִיפוּ כֹחַ יַעֲלוּ אֵבֶר כַּנְּשָׁרִים יָרוּצוּ וְלֹא יִיגָעוּ יֵלְכוּ וְלֹא יִיעָפוּ.</text> | <text xml:lang="HE">(א) נַחֲמוּ נַחֲמוּ עַמִּי יֹאמַר אֱלֹהֵיכֶם. (ב) דַּבְּרוּ עַל לֵב יְרוּשָׁלִַם וְקִרְאוּ אֵלֶיהָ כִּי מָלְאָה צְבָאָהּ כִּי נִרְצָה עֲוֺנָהּ כִּי לָקְחָה מִיַּד י"י כִּפְלַיִם בְּכׇל חַטֹּאתֶיהָ. (ג) קוֹל קוֹרֵא בַּמִּדְבָּר פַּנּוּ דֶּרֶךְ י"י יַשְּׁרוּ בָּעֲרָבָה מְסִלָּה לֵאלֹהֵינוּ. (ד) כׇּל גֶּיא יִנָּשֵׂא וְכׇל הַר וְגִבְעָה יִשְׁפָּלוּ וְהָיָה הֶעָקֹב לְמִישׁוֹר וְהָרְכָסִים לְבִקְעָה. (ה) וְנִגְלָה כְּבוֹד י"י וְרָאוּ כׇל בָּשָׂר יַחְדָּו כִּי פִּי י"י דִּבֵּר. (ו) קוֹל אֹמֵר קְרָא וְאָמַר מָה אֶקְרָא כׇּל הַבָּשָׂר חָצִיר וְכׇל חַסְדּוֹ כְּצִיץ הַשָּׂדֶה. (ז) יָבֵשׁ חָצִיר נָבֵל צִיץ כִּי רוּחַ י"י נָשְׁבָה בּוֹ אָכֵן חָצִיר הָעָם. (ח) יָבֵשׁ חָצִיר נָבֵל צִיץ וּדְבַר אֱלֹהֵינוּ יָקוּם לְעוֹלָם. (ט) עַל הַר גָּבֹהַּ עֲלִי לָךְ מְבַשֶּׂרֶת צִיּוֹן הָרִימִי בַכֹּחַ קוֹלֵךְ מְבַשֶּׂרֶת יְרוּשָׁלִָם הָרִימִי אַל תִּירָאִי אִמְרִי לְעָרֵי יְהוּדָה הִנֵּה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם. (י) הִנֵּה אֲדֹנָי יֱ־הֹוִה בְּחָזָק יָבוֹא וּזְרֹעוֹ מֹשְׁלָה לוֹ הִנֵּה שְׂכָרוֹ אִתּוֹ וּפְעֻלָּתוֹ לְפָנָיו. (יא) כְּרֹעֶה עֶדְרוֹ יִרְעֶה בִּזְרֹעוֹ יְקַבֵּץ טְלָאִים וּבְחֵיקוֹ יִשָּׂא עָלוֹת יְנַהֵל. (יב) מִי מָדַד בְּשׇׁעֳלוֹ מַיִם וְשָׁמַיִם בַּזֶּרֶת תִּכֵּן וְכָל בַּשָּׁלִשׁ עֲפַר הָאָרֶץ וְשָׁקַל בַּפֶּלֶס הָרִים וּגְבָעוֹת בְּמֹאזְנָיִם. (יג) מִי תִכֵּן אֶת רוּחַ י"י וְאִישׁ עֲצָתוֹ יוֹדִיעֶנּוּ. (יד) אֶת מִי נוֹעָץ וַיְבִינֵהוּ וַיְלַמְּדֵהוּ בְּאֹרַח מִשְׁפָּט וַיְלַמְּדֵהוּ דַעַת וְדֶרֶךְ תְּבוּנוֹת יוֹדִיעֶנּוּ. (טו) הֵן גּוֹיִם כְּמַר מִדְּלִי וּכְשַׁחַק מֹאזְנַיִם נֶחְשָׁבוּ הֵן אִיִּים כַּדַּק יִטּוֹל. (טז) וּלְבָנוֹן אֵין דֵּי בָּעֵר וְחַיָּתוֹ אֵין דֵּי עוֹלָה. (יז) כׇּל הַגּוֹיִם כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֹ מֵאֶפֶס וָתֹהוּ נֶחְשְׁבוּ לוֹ. (יח) וְאֶל מִי תְּדַמְּיוּן אֵל וּמַה דְּמוּת תַּעַרְכוּ לוֹ. (יט) הַפֶּסֶל נָסַךְ חָרָשׁ וְצֹרֵף בַּזָּהָב יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ וּרְתֻקוֹת כֶּסֶף צוֹרֵף. (כ) הַמְסֻכָּן תְּרוּמָה עֵץ לֹא יִרְקַב יִבְחָר חָרָשׁ חָכָם יְבַקֶּשׁ לוֹ לְהָכִין פֶּסֶל לֹא יִמּוֹט. (כא) הֲלוֹא תֵדְעוּ הֲלוֹא תִשְׁמָעוּ הֲלוֹא הֻגַּד מֵרֹאשׁ לָכֶם הֲלוֹא הֲבִינוֹתֶם מוֹסְדוֹת הָאָרֶץ. (כב) הַיֹּשֵׁב עַל חוּג הָאָרֶץ וְיֹשְׁבֶיהָ כַּחֲגָבִים הַנּוֹטֶה כַדֹּק שָׁמַיִם וַיִּמְתָּחֵם כָּאֹהֶל לָשָׁבֶת. (כג) הַנּוֹתֵן רוֹזְנִים לְאָיִן שֹׁפְטֵי אֶרֶץ כַּתֹּהוּ עָשָׂה. (כד) אַף בַּל נִטָּעוּ אַף בַּל זֹרָעוּ אַף בַּל שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם וְגַם נָשַׁף בָּהֶם וַיִּבָשׁוּ וּסְעָרָה כַּקַּשׁ תִּשָּׂאֵם. (כה) וְאֶל מִי תְדַמְּיוּנִי וְאֶשְׁוֶה יֹאמַר קָדוֹשׁ. (כו) שְׂאוּ מָרוֹם עֵינֵיכֶם וּרְאוּ מִי בָרָא אֵלֶּה הַמּוֹצִיא בְמִסְפָּר צְבָאָם לְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁם יִקְרָא מֵרֹב אוֹנִים וְאַמִּיץ כֹּחַ אִישׁ לֹא נֶעְדָּר. (כז) לָמָּה תֹאמַר יַעֲקֹב וּתְדַבֵּר יִשְׂרָאֵל נִסְתְּרָה דַרְכִּי מֵי"י וּמֵאֱלֹהַי מִשְׁפָּטִי יַעֲבוֹר. (כח) הֲלוֹא יָדַעְתָּ אִם לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ אֱלֹהֵי עוֹלָם י"י בּוֹרֵא קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ לֹא יִיעַף וְלֹא יִיגָע אֵין חֵקֶר לִתְבוּנָתוֹ. (כט) נֹתֵן לַיָּעֵף כֹּחַ וּלְאֵין אוֹנִים עׇצְמָה יַרְבֶּה. (ל) וְיִעֲפוּ נְעָרִים וְיִגָעוּ וּבַחוּרִים כָּשׁוֹל יִכָּשֵׁלוּ. (לא) וְקוֹיֵ י"י יַחֲלִיפוּ כֹחַ יַעֲלוּ אֵבֶר כַּנְּשָׁרִים יָרוּצוּ וְלֹא יִיגָעוּ יֵלְכוּ וְלֹא יִיעָפוּ.</text> | ||
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| + | <h2>Medieval Texts</h2> | ||
| + | <source xmlid="IbnEzraYeshayahu40-1311252731"> | ||
| + | <h3 xml:lang="EN">Ibn Ezra Yeshayahu 40:1, 3, 11, 25, 27, 31</h3> | ||
| + | <text xml:lang="EN">(1) This chapter has been placed here for the following reason: in the preceding chapter it is predicted that all the treasures of the King, and even his sons, will be carried away to Babylon; this sad prediction is properly followed by the words of comfort. <br/>These first comforting promises, with which the second part of the book of Isaiah begins, refer, as R. Moses Hakkohen believes, to the restoration of the temple by Zerubbabel; according to my opinion to the coming redemption from our present exile; prophecies concerning the Babylonian exile are introduced only as an illustration, showing how Cyrus, who allowed the captive Jews to return to Jerusalem, …. About the last section of the book there is no doubt, that it refers to a period yet to come, as I shall explain.—It must be borne in mind, that the opinion of the orthodox, that the book of Samuel was written by Samuel, is correct as regards the first part, till the words And Samuel died <span class="source-link">(<a class="source" title="Shemuel I 25:1" data-book="English Shemuel I" data-ref="25,1">1 Sam. 25:1</a>)</span>; this remark is confirmed by the fact that the book of Chronicles contains the names (of the descendants of David) in genealogical order down to Zerubbabel.—The words Kings shall see and arise, princes and shall worship (49:7) support this view, though they might also be explained as follows: Kings and princes will arise, etc., when they hear the name of the prophet, even after his death. The reader will adopt the opinion which recommends itself most to his judgment. <br/><i>Comfort</i>, etc. God addresses His prophet or the chiefs of the people. The repetition of the words Comfort ye is to indicate, that the comfort is to be administered immediately or repeatedly. <br/>(3) <i>The voice of him that crieth,</i> of him, that brings the good tidings. <br/><i>Prepare ye</i>, etc. These words are addressed to all nations. <br/><i>The way of the Lord</i>. The way of those that have been in exile and return to the holy mountain. <br/><i>Make straight</i>, etc. Repetition of the same idea. <br/>(11) <i>And carry them in his bosom.</i> Namely those that cannot walk. <br/>עלות Those that are with young. The word is derived from עלה to go up. <br/>ינהל He shall gently lead.—God will bring together those that are in exile, and heal those that are suffering. <br/>(25) <i>To whom then will you liken me,</i> etc. The prophet addresses the idolatrous people, saying, Are there men more honoured by you than princes and judges? and yet you see that God destroys them in a moment. <br/>ואשוה <i>That I be equal</i> to him. <br/><i>The holy.</i> God is too holy to be compared with one of His creatures, much less with the products of His creatures. <br/>(27) <i>My way is hid from the Lord,</i> that is, He does not see what I am doing. The same idea is contained in the words which follow: <i>And my judgment passeth away from my God,</i> that is, He will not judge me according to my way. <br/>(31) יחליפו כח <i>Shall renew their strength.</i> Before one power is exhausted, the other is prepared for them by the Almighty. Comp. if it be cut down, (יחליף) it will sprout again <span class="source-link">(<a class="source" title="Iyyov 14:7" data-book="English Iyyov" data-ref="14,7">Job. 14:7</a>)</span>. In Arabic this word has a similar meaning. <br/>אבר <i>Wing</i>. Comp. Ps. 55:7.—The sense of the whole verse seems to be this: The Israelites that trusted in the Almighty will be strengthened by Him, and He will bring them back to Jerusalem; the Babylonians, who are now mighty, will be weakened.</text> | ||
| + | <h3 xml:lang="HE">אבן עזרא ישעיהו מ׳:א', ג', י"א, כ"ה, כ"ז, ל"א</h3> | ||
| + | <text xml:lang="HE">(א) <b>נחמו נחמו עמי</b> – נדבקה זאת הפרשה בעבור שהזכיר למעלה כי כל אוצרות המלך גם בניו יגלו לבבל, על כן אחרי זאת הנחמות. <br/>ואלה הנחמות הראשונות מחצי הספר על דעת רבי משה הכהן על בית שני, ולפי דעתי הכל על גלותינו, רק יש בתוך הספר דברי גלות בבל לזכר, כי כורש ששלח הגולה, ואולם באחרית הספר דברים הם לעתיד כאשר אפרש, ודע כי מעתיקי המצות ז״ל אמרו כי ספר שמואל כתבו שמואל והוא אמת עד וימת שמואל <span class="source-link">(<a class="source" title="שמואל א׳ כ״ה:א׳" data-book="Shemuel I" data-ref="25,1">שמואל א כ״ה:א׳</a>)</span>, והנה דברי הימים יוכיח ששם דור אחר דור לבני זרובבל, והעד מלכים יראו וקמו שרים וישתחוו (מ״ט:ז׳), ויש להשיב כאשר ישמעו שם הנביא, ואם איננו, והמשכיל יבין. <br/>ומלת נחמו דברי השם לנביאו או לגדולי העם וטעם פעמים דרך מהירות או רגע אחרי רגע. <br/>(ג) <b>קול קורא</b> – הם המבשרים. <br/><b>פנו</b> – יאמר לכל גוי. <br/><b>דרך יי</b> – הטעם אלה שהיו בגלות שישובו להר הקודש וזהו דרך יי. <br/><b>ישרו</b> – הטעם כפול. <br/>(יא) עדרו ירעה כרועה. <br/><b>ובחיקו ישא</b> – מי שלא יוכל ללכת. <br/><b>עלות, הם ההרות</b> – שיעלו עליהם הזכרים. <br/><b>ינהלם, בלט</b> – וזה הטעם שהשם יקבץ בני הגולה ויחבוש הנשברים. <br/>(כה) <b>ואל וגו׳, הטעם</b> – יאמר לעובדי הפסל, היש בבני אדם בעיניכם נכבדים מהרוזנים והשופטים, הלא תראו שהשם ישמידם כרגע. <br/><b>ואשוה</b> – אהיה שוה עמו וטעם קדוש, כי השם קדוש מהשתוות עם אחד ממעשיו, אף כי עם מעשה ממעשיו. <br/>(כז) <b>למה, נסתרה דרכי</b> – אין השם רואה מה אני עושה, וככה משפטי יעבור, והטעם יעבור ממני משפטי, ולא ישפטני על דרכי.  <br/>(לא) <b>וקוי יי יחליפו</b> – קודם תום הכח הראשון, יבא כח אחר מהשם להם, וכמוהו אם יכרת ועוד יחליף <span class="source-link">(<a class="source" data-book="Iyyov" data-ref="14,7">איוב י״ד:ז׳</a>)</span>, וזאת הלשון קרובה בלשון קדר. <br/><b>יעלו אבר</b> – כמו כנף מי יתן לי אבר <span class="source-link">(<a class="source" data-book="Tehillim" data-ref="55,7">תהלים נ״ה:ז׳</a>)</span> ויתכן היות זה הטעם, כי ישראל שקוו, השם הוא יחזיקם וישיבם אל ירושלם, והבבליים שהם גבורים יחלשו.</text> | ||
| + | </source> | ||
Version as of 22:48, 19 June 2018
Historical Backdrop of Yeshayahu 40
Sources
Biblical Texts
Yeshayahu 40ישעיהו מ׳
| (1) Comfort ye, comfort ye My people, Saith your God. (2) Bid Jerusalem take heart, And proclaim unto her, That her time of service is accomplished, That her guilt is paid off; That she hath received of the Lord's hand Double for all her sins. (3) Hark! one calleth: 'Clear ye in the wilderness the way of the Lord, Make plain in the desert A highway for our God. (4) Every valley shall be lifted up, And every mountain and hill shall be made low; And the rugged shall be made level, And the rough places a plain; (5) And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, And all flesh shall see it together; For the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.' (6) Hark! one saith: 'Proclaim!' And he saith: 'What shall I proclaim?' 'All flesh is grass, And all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field; (7) The grass withereth, the flower fadeth; Because the breath of the Lord bloweth upon it— Surely the people is grass. (8) The grass withereth, the flower fadeth; But the word of our God shall stand for ever.' (9) O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion, Get thee up into the high mountain; O thou that tellest good tidings to Jerusalem, Lift up thy voice with strength; Lift it up, be not afraid; Say unto the cities of Judah: 'Behold your God! ' (10) Behold, the Lord God will come as a Mighty One, And His arm will rule for Him; Behold, His reward is with Him, And His recompense before Him. (11) Even as a shepherd that feedeth his flock, That gathereth the lambs in his arm, And carrieth them in his bosom, And gently leadeth those that give suck. (12) Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, And meted out heaven with the span, And comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, And weighed the mountains in scales, And the hills in a balance? (13) Who hath meted out the spirit of the Lord? Or who was His counsellor that he might instruct Him? (14) With whom took He counsel, and who instructed Him, And taught Him in the path of right, And taught Him knowledge, And made Him to know the way of discernment? (15) Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, And are counted as the small dust of the balance; Behold the isles are as a mote in weight. (16) And Lebanon is not sufficient fuel, Nor the beasts thereof sufficient for burnt-offerings. (17) All the nations are as nothing before Him; They are accounted by Him as things of nought, and vanity. (18) To whom then will ye liken God? Or what likeness will ye compare unto Him? (19) The image perchance, which the craftsman hath melted, And the goldsmith spread over with gold, The silversmith casting silver chains? (20) A holm-oak is set apart, He chooseth a tree that will not rot; He seeketh unto him a cunning craftsman To set up an image, that shall not be moved. (21) Know ye not? hear ye not? Hath it not been told you from the beginning? Have ye not understood the foundations of the earth? (22) It is He that sitteth above the circle of the earth, And the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; That stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, And spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in; (23) That bringeth princes to nothing; He maketh the judges of the earth as a thing of nought. (24) Scarce are they planted, Scarce are they sown, Scarce hath their stock taken root in the earth; When He bloweth upon them, they wither, And the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble. (25) To whom then will ye liken Me, that I should be equal? Saith the Holy One. (26) Lift up your eyes on high, And see: who hath created these? He that bringeth out their host by number, He calleth them all by name; By the greatness of His might, and for that He is strong in power, Not one faileth. (27) Why sayest thou, O Jacob, And speakest, O Israel: 'My way is hid from the Lord, And my right is passed over from my God'? (28) Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard That the everlasting God, the Lord, The Creator of the ends of the earth, Fainteth not, neither is weary? His discernment is past searching out. (29) He giveth power to the faint; And to him that hath no might He increaseth strength. (30) Even the youths shall faint and be weary, And the young men shall utterly fall; (31) But they that wait for the Lord shall renew their strength; They shall mount up with wings as eagles; They shall run, and not be weary; They shall walk, and not faint. | (א) נַחֲמוּ נַחֲמוּ עַמִּי יֹאמַר אֱלֹהֵיכֶם. (ב) דַּבְּרוּ עַל לֵב יְרוּשָׁלִַם וְקִרְאוּ אֵלֶיהָ כִּי מָלְאָה צְבָאָהּ כִּי נִרְצָה עֲוֺנָהּ כִּי לָקְחָה מִיַּד י"י כִּפְלַיִם בְּכׇל חַטֹּאתֶיהָ. (ג) קוֹל קוֹרֵא בַּמִּדְבָּר פַּנּוּ דֶּרֶךְ י"י יַשְּׁרוּ בָּעֲרָבָה מְסִלָּה לֵאלֹהֵינוּ. (ד) כׇּל גֶּיא יִנָּשֵׂא וְכׇל הַר וְגִבְעָה יִשְׁפָּלוּ וְהָיָה הֶעָקֹב לְמִישׁוֹר וְהָרְכָסִים לְבִקְעָה. (ה) וְנִגְלָה כְּבוֹד י"י וְרָאוּ כׇל בָּשָׂר יַחְדָּו כִּי פִּי י"י דִּבֵּר. (ו) קוֹל אֹמֵר קְרָא וְאָמַר מָה אֶקְרָא כׇּל הַבָּשָׂר חָצִיר וְכׇל חַסְדּוֹ כְּצִיץ הַשָּׂדֶה. (ז) יָבֵשׁ חָצִיר נָבֵל צִיץ כִּי רוּחַ י"י נָשְׁבָה בּוֹ אָכֵן חָצִיר הָעָם. (ח) יָבֵשׁ חָצִיר נָבֵל צִיץ וּדְבַר אֱלֹהֵינוּ יָקוּם לְעוֹלָם. (ט) עַל הַר גָּבֹהַּ עֲלִי לָךְ מְבַשֶּׂרֶת צִיּוֹן הָרִימִי בַכֹּחַ קוֹלֵךְ מְבַשֶּׂרֶת יְרוּשָׁלִָם הָרִימִי אַל תִּירָאִי אִמְרִי לְעָרֵי יְהוּדָה הִנֵּה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם. (י) הִנֵּה אֲדֹנָי יֱ־הֹוִה בְּחָזָק יָבוֹא וּזְרֹעוֹ מֹשְׁלָה לוֹ הִנֵּה שְׂכָרוֹ אִתּוֹ וּפְעֻלָּתוֹ לְפָנָיו. (יא) כְּרֹעֶה עֶדְרוֹ יִרְעֶה בִּזְרֹעוֹ יְקַבֵּץ טְלָאִים וּבְחֵיקוֹ יִשָּׂא עָלוֹת יְנַהֵל. (יב) מִי מָדַד בְּשׇׁעֳלוֹ מַיִם וְשָׁמַיִם בַּזֶּרֶת תִּכֵּן וְכָל בַּשָּׁלִשׁ עֲפַר הָאָרֶץ וְשָׁקַל בַּפֶּלֶס הָרִים וּגְבָעוֹת בְּמֹאזְנָיִם. (יג) מִי תִכֵּן אֶת רוּחַ י"י וְאִישׁ עֲצָתוֹ יוֹדִיעֶנּוּ. (יד) אֶת מִי נוֹעָץ וַיְבִינֵהוּ וַיְלַמְּדֵהוּ בְּאֹרַח מִשְׁפָּט וַיְלַמְּדֵהוּ דַעַת וְדֶרֶךְ תְּבוּנוֹת יוֹדִיעֶנּוּ. (טו) הֵן גּוֹיִם כְּמַר מִדְּלִי וּכְשַׁחַק מֹאזְנַיִם נֶחְשָׁבוּ הֵן אִיִּים כַּדַּק יִטּוֹל. (טז) וּלְבָנוֹן אֵין דֵּי בָּעֵר וְחַיָּתוֹ אֵין דֵּי עוֹלָה. (יז) כׇּל הַגּוֹיִם כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֹ מֵאֶפֶס וָתֹהוּ נֶחְשְׁבוּ לוֹ. (יח) וְאֶל מִי תְּדַמְּיוּן אֵל וּמַה דְּמוּת תַּעַרְכוּ לוֹ. (יט) הַפֶּסֶל נָסַךְ חָרָשׁ וְצֹרֵף בַּזָּהָב יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ וּרְתֻקוֹת כֶּסֶף צוֹרֵף. (כ) הַמְסֻכָּן תְּרוּמָה עֵץ לֹא יִרְקַב יִבְחָר חָרָשׁ חָכָם יְבַקֶּשׁ לוֹ לְהָכִין פֶּסֶל לֹא יִמּוֹט. (כא) הֲלוֹא תֵדְעוּ הֲלוֹא תִשְׁמָעוּ הֲלוֹא הֻגַּד מֵרֹאשׁ לָכֶם הֲלוֹא הֲבִינוֹתֶם מוֹסְדוֹת הָאָרֶץ. (כב) הַיֹּשֵׁב עַל חוּג הָאָרֶץ וְיֹשְׁבֶיהָ כַּחֲגָבִים הַנּוֹטֶה כַדֹּק שָׁמַיִם וַיִּמְתָּחֵם כָּאֹהֶל לָשָׁבֶת. (כג) הַנּוֹתֵן רוֹזְנִים לְאָיִן שֹׁפְטֵי אֶרֶץ כַּתֹּהוּ עָשָׂה. (כד) אַף בַּל נִטָּעוּ אַף בַּל זֹרָעוּ אַף בַּל שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם וְגַם נָשַׁף בָּהֶם וַיִּבָשׁוּ וּסְעָרָה כַּקַּשׁ תִּשָּׂאֵם. (כה) וְאֶל מִי תְדַמְּיוּנִי וְאֶשְׁוֶה יֹאמַר קָדוֹשׁ. (כו) שְׂאוּ מָרוֹם עֵינֵיכֶם וּרְאוּ מִי בָרָא אֵלֶּה הַמּוֹצִיא בְמִסְפָּר צְבָאָם לְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁם יִקְרָא מֵרֹב אוֹנִים וְאַמִּיץ כֹּחַ אִישׁ לֹא נֶעְדָּר. (כז) לָמָּה תֹאמַר יַעֲקֹב וּתְדַבֵּר יִשְׂרָאֵל נִסְתְּרָה דַרְכִּי מֵי"י וּמֵאֱלֹהַי מִשְׁפָּטִי יַעֲבוֹר. (כח) הֲלוֹא יָדַעְתָּ אִם לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ אֱלֹהֵי עוֹלָם י"י בּוֹרֵא קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ לֹא יִיעַף וְלֹא יִיגָע אֵין חֵקֶר לִתְבוּנָתוֹ. (כט) נֹתֵן לַיָּעֵף כֹּחַ וּלְאֵין אוֹנִים עׇצְמָה יַרְבֶּה. (ל) וְיִעֲפוּ נְעָרִים וְיִגָעוּ וּבַחוּרִים כָּשׁוֹל יִכָּשֵׁלוּ. (לא) וְקוֹיֵ י"י יַחֲלִיפוּ כֹחַ יַעֲלוּ אֵבֶר כַּנְּשָׁרִים יָרוּצוּ וְלֹא יִיגָעוּ יֵלְכוּ וְלֹא יִיעָפוּ. |
Medieval Texts
Ibn Ezra Yeshayahu 40:1, 3, 11, 25, 27, 31אבן עזרא ישעיהו מ׳:א', ג', י"א, כ"ה, כ"ז, ל"א
| (1) This chapter has been placed here for the following reason: in the preceding chapter it is predicted that all the treasures of the King, and even his sons, will be carried away to Babylon; this sad prediction is properly followed by the words of comfort. These first comforting promises, with which the second part of the book of Isaiah begins, refer, as R. Moses Hakkohen believes, to the restoration of the temple by Zerubbabel; according to my opinion to the coming redemption from our present exile; prophecies concerning the Babylonian exile are introduced only as an illustration, showing how Cyrus, who allowed the captive Jews to return to Jerusalem, …. About the last section of the book there is no doubt, that it refers to a period yet to come, as I shall explain.—It must be borne in mind, that the opinion of the orthodox, that the book of Samuel was written by Samuel, is correct as regards the first part, till the words And Samuel died (1 Sam. 25:1); this remark is confirmed by the fact that the book of Chronicles contains the names (of the descendants of David) in genealogical order down to Zerubbabel.—The words Kings shall see and arise, princes and shall worship (49:7) support this view, though they might also be explained as follows: Kings and princes will arise, etc., when they hear the name of the prophet, even after his death. The reader will adopt the opinion which recommends itself most to his judgment. Comfort, etc. God addresses His prophet or the chiefs of the people. The repetition of the words Comfort ye is to indicate, that the comfort is to be administered immediately or repeatedly. (3) The voice of him that crieth, of him, that brings the good tidings. Prepare ye, etc. These words are addressed to all nations. The way of the Lord. The way of those that have been in exile and return to the holy mountain. Make straight, etc. Repetition of the same idea. (11) And carry them in his bosom. Namely those that cannot walk. עלות Those that are with young. The word is derived from עלה to go up. ינהל He shall gently lead.—God will bring together those that are in exile, and heal those that are suffering. (25) To whom then will you liken me, etc. The prophet addresses the idolatrous people, saying, Are there men more honoured by you than princes and judges? and yet you see that God destroys them in a moment. ואשוה That I be equal to him. The holy. God is too holy to be compared with one of His creatures, much less with the products of His creatures. (27) My way is hid from the Lord, that is, He does not see what I am doing. The same idea is contained in the words which follow: And my judgment passeth away from my God, that is, He will not judge me according to my way. (31) יחליפו כח Shall renew their strength. Before one power is exhausted, the other is prepared for them by the Almighty. Comp. if it be cut down, (יחליף) it will sprout again (Job. 14:7). In Arabic this word has a similar meaning. אבר Wing. Comp. Ps. 55:7.—The sense of the whole verse seems to be this: The Israelites that trusted in the Almighty will be strengthened by Him, and He will bring them back to Jerusalem; the Babylonians, who are now mighty, will be weakened. | (א) נחמו נחמו עמי – נדבקה זאת הפרשה בעבור שהזכיר למעלה כי כל אוצרות המלך גם בניו יגלו לבבל, על כן אחרי זאת הנחמות. ואלה הנחמות הראשונות מחצי הספר על דעת רבי משה הכהן על בית שני, ולפי דעתי הכל על גלותינו, רק יש בתוך הספר דברי גלות בבל לזכר, כי כורש ששלח הגולה, ואולם באחרית הספר דברים הם לעתיד כאשר אפרש, ודע כי מעתיקי המצות ז״ל אמרו כי ספר שמואל כתבו שמואל והוא אמת עד וימת שמואל (שמואל א כ״ה:א׳), והנה דברי הימים יוכיח ששם דור אחר דור לבני זרובבל, והעד מלכים יראו וקמו שרים וישתחוו (מ״ט:ז׳), ויש להשיב כאשר ישמעו שם הנביא, ואם איננו, והמשכיל יבין. ומלת נחמו דברי השם לנביאו או לגדולי העם וטעם פעמים דרך מהירות או רגע אחרי רגע. (ג) קול קורא – הם המבשרים. פנו – יאמר לכל גוי. דרך יי – הטעם אלה שהיו בגלות שישובו להר הקודש וזהו דרך יי. ישרו – הטעם כפול. (יא) עדרו ירעה כרועה. ובחיקו ישא – מי שלא יוכל ללכת. עלות, הם ההרות – שיעלו עליהם הזכרים. ינהלם, בלט – וזה הטעם שהשם יקבץ בני הגולה ויחבוש הנשברים. (כה) ואל וגו׳, הטעם – יאמר לעובדי הפסל, היש בבני אדם בעיניכם נכבדים מהרוזנים והשופטים, הלא תראו שהשם ישמידם כרגע. ואשוה – אהיה שוה עמו וטעם קדוש, כי השם קדוש מהשתוות עם אחד ממעשיו, אף כי עם מעשה ממעשיו. (כז) למה, נסתרה דרכי – אין השם רואה מה אני עושה, וככה משפטי יעבור, והטעם יעבור ממני משפטי, ולא ישפטני על דרכי. (לא) וקוי יי יחליפו – קודם תום הכח הראשון, יבא כח אחר מהשם להם, וכמוהו אם יכרת ועוד יחליף (איוב י״ד:ז׳), וזאת הלשון קרובה בלשון קדר. יעלו אבר – כמו כנף מי יתן לי אבר (תהלים נ״ה:ז׳) ויתכן היות זה הטעם, כי ישראל שקוו, השם הוא יחזיקם וישיבם אל ירושלם, והבבליים שהם גבורים יחלשו. |
