Difference between revisions of "MiMachorat HaShabbat/1/en"
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<h1>MiMachorat HaShabbat</h1> | <h1>MiMachorat HaShabbat</h1> | ||
<h2 name="">An Enigmatic Phrase</h2> | <h2 name="">An Enigmatic Phrase</h2> | ||
| − | <p>Vayikra 23 provides a complete list | + | <p>Vayikra 23 provides a complete list of the annual festivals.  After opening by commanding the observance of Shabbat, Pesach, and Chag HaMatzot, it turns to describe the Omer offering and the fifty day count until the bringing of the Two Loaves ("שתי הלחם").  In recording the dates of these two offerings and the counting which links them, the Torah thrice repeats the confounding term "מִמׇּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת":</p> |
<multilang style="overflow: auto"> | <multilang style="overflow: auto"> | ||
<q xml:lang="he" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom:.3em;">(י) דַּבֵּר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם כִּי תָבֹאוּ אֶל הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי נֹתֵן לָכֶם וּקְצַרְתֶּם אֶת קְצִירָהּ וַהֲבֵאתֶם אֶת עֹמֶר רֵאשִׁית קְצִירְכֶם אֶל הַכֹּהֵן. (יא) וְהֵנִיף אֶת הָעֹמֶר לִפְנֵי י"י לִרְצֹנְכֶם <b>מִמׇּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת</b> יְנִיפֶנּוּ הַכֹּהֵן...</q><q xml:lang="he" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom:.3em;">(טו) וּסְפַרְתֶּם לָכֶם <b>מִמׇּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת</b> מִיּוֹם הֲבִיאֲכֶם אֶת עֹמֶר הַתְּנוּפָה שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת תְּמִימֹת תִּהְיֶינָה. (טז) עַד <b>מִמׇּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת</b> הַשְּׁבִיעִת תִּסְפְּרוּ חֲמִשִּׁים יוֹם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה לַי"י. (יז) מִמּוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם תָּבִיאּוּ לֶחֶם תְּנוּפָה שְׁתַּיִם שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים סֹלֶת תִּהְיֶינָה חָמֵץ תֵּאָפֶינָה בִּכּוּרִים לַי"י...</q><q xml:lang="he" dir="rtl">(כא) וּקְרָאתֶם בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶה לָכֶם כׇּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ חֻקַּת עוֹלָם בְּכׇל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם. </q> | <q xml:lang="he" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom:.3em;">(י) דַּבֵּר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם כִּי תָבֹאוּ אֶל הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי נֹתֵן לָכֶם וּקְצַרְתֶּם אֶת קְצִירָהּ וַהֲבֵאתֶם אֶת עֹמֶר רֵאשִׁית קְצִירְכֶם אֶל הַכֹּהֵן. (יא) וְהֵנִיף אֶת הָעֹמֶר לִפְנֵי י"י לִרְצֹנְכֶם <b>מִמׇּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת</b> יְנִיפֶנּוּ הַכֹּהֵן...</q><q xml:lang="he" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom:.3em;">(טו) וּסְפַרְתֶּם לָכֶם <b>מִמׇּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת</b> מִיּוֹם הֲבִיאֲכֶם אֶת עֹמֶר הַתְּנוּפָה שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת תְּמִימֹת תִּהְיֶינָה. (טז) עַד <b>מִמׇּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת</b> הַשְּׁבִיעִת תִּסְפְּרוּ חֲמִשִּׁים יוֹם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה לַי"י. (יז) מִמּוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם תָּבִיאּוּ לֶחֶם תְּנוּפָה שְׁתַּיִם שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים סֹלֶת תִּהְיֶינָה חָמֵץ תֵּאָפֶינָה בִּכּוּרִים לַי"י...</q><q xml:lang="he" dir="rtl">(כא) וּקְרָאתֶם בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶה לָכֶם כׇּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ חֻקַּת עוֹלָם בְּכׇל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם. </q> | ||
<q xml:lang="en"></q> | <q xml:lang="en"></q> | ||
</multilang> | </multilang> | ||
| − | <p> | + | <p>What is "הַשַּׁבָּת" to which the Torah refers?  Does it allude to a day previously mentioned, as the definite article (ה' הידיעה) might imply?  Could it hark back to the weekly Shabbat described at the beginning of the Chapter?  But, if so, which of the many Sabbaths of the year would it be?  Alternatively, if it refers to the immediately preceding holidays of Pesach and Chag HaMatzot,<fn>For more on the relationship between these two holidays, see <a href="Pesach and Chag HaMatzot – A Two for One" data-aht="page">Pesach and Chag HaMatzot – A Two for One</a>.</fn> why use the term "שַׁבַּת"?</p> |
<h2 name="">Uniqueness of Shavuot</h2> | <h2 name="">Uniqueness of Shavuot</h2> | ||
| − | For almost all of | + | For almost all of the holidays in Vayikra 23, the Torah opens by giving their calendrical dates, continues with the prohibitions of performing labor, and in some cases adds some of their unique laws.  The lone exception is the festival of the Bikkurim (or Shavuot) for which no lunar date is provided, and which is instead prefaced by the lengthy description of the offerings and counting above.  Only after all of this does the Torah finally tell us that the day of the Two Loaves offering should also be proclaimed as a holiday.  What accounts for this unusual presentation? |
<h2 name="">Parallels in Yehoshua</h2> | <h2 name="">Parallels in Yehoshua</h2> | ||
Version as of 04:31, 1 May 2015
MiMachorat HaShabbat
Introduction
An Enigmatic Phrase
Vayikra 23 provides a complete list of the annual festivals. After opening by commanding the observance of Shabbat, Pesach, and Chag HaMatzot, it turns to describe the Omer offering and the fifty day count until the bringing of the Two Loaves ("שתי הלחם"). In recording the dates of these two offerings and the counting which links them, the Torah thrice repeats the confounding term "מִמׇּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת":
(י) דַּבֵּר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם כִּי תָבֹאוּ אֶל הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי נֹתֵן לָכֶם וּקְצַרְתֶּם אֶת קְצִירָהּ וַהֲבֵאתֶם אֶת עֹמֶר רֵאשִׁית קְצִירְכֶם אֶל הַכֹּהֵן. (יא) וְהֵנִיף אֶת הָעֹמֶר לִפְנֵי י"י לִרְצֹנְכֶם מִמׇּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת יְנִיפֶנּוּ הַכֹּהֵן...
(טו) וּסְפַרְתֶּם לָכֶם מִמׇּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת מִיּוֹם הֲבִיאֲכֶם אֶת עֹמֶר הַתְּנוּפָה שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת תְּמִימֹת תִּהְיֶינָה. (טז) עַד מִמׇּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת הַשְּׁבִיעִת תִּסְפְּרוּ חֲמִשִּׁים יוֹם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה לַי"י. (יז) מִמּוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם תָּבִיאּוּ לֶחֶם תְּנוּפָה שְׁתַּיִם שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים סֹלֶת תִּהְיֶינָה חָמֵץ תֵּאָפֶינָה בִּכּוּרִים לַי"י...
(כא) וּקְרָאתֶם בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶה לָכֶם כׇּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ חֻקַּת עוֹלָם בְּכׇל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם.
What is "הַשַּׁבָּת" to which the Torah refers? Does it allude to a day previously mentioned, as the definite article (ה' הידיעה) might imply? Could it hark back to the weekly Shabbat described at the beginning of the Chapter? But, if so, which of the many Sabbaths of the year would it be? Alternatively, if it refers to the immediately preceding holidays of Pesach and Chag HaMatzot,1 why use the term "שַׁבַּת"?
Uniqueness of Shavuot
For almost all of the holidays in Vayikra 23, the Torah opens by giving their calendrical dates, continues with the prohibitions of performing labor, and in some cases adds some of their unique laws. The lone exception is the festival of the Bikkurim (or Shavuot) for which no lunar date is provided, and which is instead prefaced by the lengthy description of the offerings and counting above. Only after all of this does the Torah finally tell us that the day of the Two Loaves offering should also be proclaimed as a holiday. What accounts for this unusual presentation?
