Difference between revisions of "Moshe and Yehoshua/0"

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<div><b><center><span class="highlighted-notice">This topic has not yet undergone editorial review</span></center></b></div>
 
<div><b><center><span class="highlighted-notice">This topic has not yet undergone editorial review</span></center></b></div>
 
<h2>Introduction</h2>
 
<h2>Introduction</h2>
In <multilink><a href="BavliBavaBatra75a-b" data-aht="source">Bavli Bava Batra</a><a href="BavliBavaBatra75a-b" data-aht="source">Bava Batra 75a-b</a><a href="Bavli Bava Batra" data-aht="parshan">About Bavli Bava Batra</a></multilink>, Moshe and Yehoshua are compared, with Moshe being likened to the sun and Yehoshua to the moon.&#160; The gemara highlights one of the greatest challenges faced by Yehoshua; how do you fill the shoes of a leader such as Moshe?&#160; Will you not automatically dim in comparison?&#160; Can you hope to be viewed as anything more than a meager reflection?&#160; When reading the story of Yehoshua, it becomes apparent that the text consciously calls for a comparison between the leaders, as one story alludes to the other. The many content parallels further suggest that many of Yehoshua's action do in fact reflect those of his teacher, as he replays some of the major events of Moshe's career.
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In <multilink><a href="BavliBavaBatra75a-b" data-aht="source">Bavli Bava Batra</a><a href="BavliBavaBatra75a-b" data-aht="source">Bava Batra 75a-b</a><a href="Bavli Bava Batra" data-aht="parshan">About Bavli Bava Batra</a></multilink>, Moshe and Yehoshua are compared, with Moshe being likened to the sun and Yehoshua to the moon.&#160; The analogy highlights one of the greatest challenges faced by Yehoshua; how do you fill the shoes of a leader such as Moshe?&#160; Will you not automatically dim in comparison?&#160; Can you hope to be viewed as anything more than a meager reflection?&#160; When reading the Book of Yehoshua, it becomes apparent that the text consciously calls for a comparison between the leaders, repeatedly alluding to Moshe's actions and words . The many content parallels further suggest that many of Yehoshua's deeds do in fact reflect those of his teacher, as he replays some of the major events of Moshe's career.
  
 
<h2>Content Parallels</h2>
 
<h2>Content Parallels</h2>
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<li><b><span style="color: #0000ff;">Conquest</span></b> – Moshe aids the nation to conquer the eastern side of the Jordan, while Yehoshua leads the people to conquer the west.<fn>The text explicitly makes a connection between the events.&#160; After the conquest of Sichon and Og, Moshe tells Yehoshua, "עֵינֶיךָ הָרֹאֹת אֵת כָּל אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה ה' אֱלֹהֵיכֶם לִשְׁנֵי הַמְּלָכִים הָאֵלֶּה כֵּן יַעֲשֶׂה ה' לְכָל הַמַּמְלָכוֹת אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹבֵר שָׁמָּה".&#160; In addition, the conquests of</fn></li>
 
<li><b><span style="color: #0000ff;">Conquest</span></b> – Moshe aids the nation to conquer the eastern side of the Jordan, while Yehoshua leads the people to conquer the west.<fn>The text explicitly makes a connection between the events.&#160; After the conquest of Sichon and Og, Moshe tells Yehoshua, "עֵינֶיךָ הָרֹאֹת אֵת כָּל אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה ה' אֱלֹהֵיכֶם לִשְׁנֵי הַמְּלָכִים הָאֵלֶּה כֵּן יַעֲשֶׂה ה' לְכָל הַמַּמְלָכוֹת אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹבֵר שָׁמָּה".&#160; In addition, the conquests of</fn></li>
 
<li><b><span style="color: #0000ff;">Inheritance</span></b> - While Moshe gives the 2 1/2 tribes their inheritance in the lands conquered from Sichon and Og, Yehoshua apportions the rest of the land to the remaining tribes.<fn>Sefer Yehoshua connects the two processes, introducing Yehoshua's apportioning of the land by recounting Moshe's previous deeds. Yehoshua 13:32 summarizes, "אֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר נִחַל מֹשֶׁה בְּעַרְבוֹת מוֹאָב" and the next chapter begins, "וְאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר נָחֲלוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן אֲשֶׁר נִחֲלוּ אוֹתָם אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן".</fn></li>
 
<li><b><span style="color: #0000ff;">Inheritance</span></b> - While Moshe gives the 2 1/2 tribes their inheritance in the lands conquered from Sichon and Og, Yehoshua apportions the rest of the land to the remaining tribes.<fn>Sefer Yehoshua connects the two processes, introducing Yehoshua's apportioning of the land by recounting Moshe's previous deeds. Yehoshua 13:32 summarizes, "אֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר נִחַל מֹשֶׁה בְּעַרְבוֹת מוֹאָב" and the next chapter begins, "וְאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר נָחֲלוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן אֲשֶׁר נִחֲלוּ אוֹתָם אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן".</fn></li>
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<li>Promise to Calev - </li>
 
<li><b><span style="color: #0000ff;">Promise of 2 1/2 tribes</span></b> – Yehoshua ensures that the 2/12 tribes fulfill their promise to Moshe and fight in the front lines.<fn>Yehoshua reminds them of their promise, recalling what Moshe had previously commanded them:&#160; "זָכוֹר אֶת הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֶתְכֶם מֹשֶׁה".</fn></li>
 
<li><b><span style="color: #0000ff;">Promise of 2 1/2 tribes</span></b> – Yehoshua ensures that the 2/12 tribes fulfill their promise to Moshe and fight in the front lines.<fn>Yehoshua reminds them of their promise, recalling what Moshe had previously commanded them:&#160; "זָכוֹר אֶת הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֶתְכֶם מֹשֶׁה".</fn></li>
 
<li><b><span style="color: #0000ff;">Blessings and curses</span></b> – Yehoshua sets up the ceremony of blessings and curses at Mt. Eival and Mt. Gerezim as commanded by Moshe.<fn>Here, too, Sefer Yehoshua explicitly comments that Yehoshua is fulfilling the command of Moshe: "כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה מֹשֶׁה עֶבֶד י"י אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּכָּתוּב בְּסֵפֶר תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה "</fn></li>
 
<li><b><span style="color: #0000ff;">Blessings and curses</span></b> – Yehoshua sets up the ceremony of blessings and curses at Mt. Eival and Mt. Gerezim as commanded by Moshe.<fn>Here, too, Sefer Yehoshua explicitly comments that Yehoshua is fulfilling the command of Moshe: "כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה מֹשֶׁה עֶבֶד י"י אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּכָּתוּב בְּסֵפֶר תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה "</fn></li>
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<td>(יהושע א:ה) כַּאֲשֶׁר הָיִיתִי עִם מֹשֶׁה <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #00ccff;">אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ לֹא אַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא אֶעֶזְבֶךָּ.</span> </span></td>
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<td>(יהושע א:ג-ה) <span style="color: #993366;"><span style="color: #993300;">כׇּל מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר תִּדְרֹךְ כַּף רַגְלְכֶם</span> בּוֹ לָכֶם נְ</span>תַתִּיו כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתִּי אֶל מֹשֶׁה. <span style="color: #993366;"><span style="color: #993300;">מֵהַמִּדְבָּר</span> וְ<span style="color: #993300;">הַלְּבָנוֹן</span></span> הַזֶּה וְעַד הַנָּהָר הַגָּדוֹל <span style="color: #993300;">נְהַר פְּרָת</span> כֹּל אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים <span style="color: #993300;">וְעַד הַיָּם </span>הַגָּדוֹל מְבוֹא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ <span style="color: #993300;">יִהְיֶה גְּבוּלְכֶם. לֹא יִתְיַצֵּב אִישׁ לְפָנֶיךָ...</span></td>
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<td><span style="color: #993366;"><span style="color: #333333;">(דברים יא:כד) </span><span style="color: #993300;">כׇּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר תִּדְרֹךְ כַּף רַגְלְכֶם בּוֹ לָכֶם</span></span> יִהְיֶה <span style="color: #993300;">מִן הַמִּדְבָּר וְהַלְּבָנוֹן </span>מִן הַנָּהָר <span style="color: #993366;">נְ<span style="color: #993300;">הַר פְּרָת וְעַד הַיָּם</span></span><span style="color: #993300;"><span style="color: #333333;"> הָאַחֲרוֹן</span> יִהְיֶה גְּבֻלְכֶם.&#160;לֹא יִתְיַצֵּב אִישׁ בִּפְנֵיכֶם... </span></td>
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<td>(יהושע א:ה) כַּאֲשֶׁר הָיִיתִי עִם מֹשֶׁה <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #00ccff;">אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ לֹא אַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא אֶעֶזְבֶךָּ.</span></span></td>
 
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<p>(שמות ג:יב) וַיֹּאמֶר כִּי <span style="color: #00ccff;">אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ</span><br/>(דברים לא:ח) וַי"י ... <span style="color: #00ccff;">הוּא יִהְיֶה עִמָּךְ לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ.</span></p>
 
<p>(שמות ג:יב) וַיֹּאמֶר כִּי <span style="color: #00ccff;">אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ</span><br/>(דברים לא:ח) וַי"י ... <span style="color: #00ccff;">הוּא יִהְיֶה עִמָּךְ לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ.</span></p>
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<td><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><span style="color: #333333;">(יהושע ב:א)</span>&#160; וַיִּשְׁלַח</span> יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן מִן הַשִּׁטִּים שְׁנַיִם <span style="color: #ff00ff;">אֲנָשִׁים</span> מְרַגְּלִים חֶרֶשׁ לֵאמֹר לְכוּ <span style="color: #ff00ff;">רְאוּ אֶת הָאָרֶץ</span></td>
 
<td><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><span style="color: #333333;">(יהושע ב:א)</span>&#160; וַיִּשְׁלַח</span> יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן מִן הַשִּׁטִּים שְׁנַיִם <span style="color: #ff00ff;">אֲנָשִׁים</span> מְרַגְּלִים חֶרֶשׁ לֵאמֹר לְכוּ <span style="color: #ff00ff;">רְאוּ אֶת הָאָרֶץ</span></td>
 
<td><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><span style="color: #333333;">(במדבר יג:ב,יח) </span>שְׁלַח לְךָ אֲנָשִׁים</span>... <span style="color: #ff00ff;">וּרְאִיתֶם אֶת הָאָרֶץ</span> מַה הִוא&#160;</td>
 
<td><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><span style="color: #333333;">(במדבר יג:ב,יח) </span>שְׁלַח לְךָ אֲנָשִׁים</span>... <span style="color: #ff00ff;">וּרְאִיתֶם אֶת הָאָרֶץ</span> מַה הִוא&#160;</td>
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<td><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><span style="color: #333333;">(יהושע ג:טז-יז) וַיַּעַמְדוּ הַמַּיִם הַיֹּרְדִים מִלְמַעְלָה <span style="color: #993300;">קָמוּ נֵד אֶחָד</span>... וְכׇל יִשְׂרָאֵל עֹבְרִים <span style="color: #993300;">בֶּחָרָבָה</span> </span></span></td>
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<p><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><span style="color: #333333;">(שמות טו:ח) וּבְרוּחַ אַפֶּיךָ נֶעֶרְמוּ מַיִם נִצְּבוּ <span style="color: #993300;">כְמוֹ נֵד נֹזְלִים</span> קָפְאוּ תְהֹמֹת בְּלֶב יָם <br/>(שמות יד:כא) וַיָּשֶׂם אֶת הַיָּם לֶ<span style="color: #993300;">חָרָבָה</span></span></span></p>
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<td>(יהושע ה:טו) וַיֹּאמֶר שַׂר צְבָא י"י אֶל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ <span style="color: #ff0000;">שַׁל נַעַלְךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶךָ כִּי הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹמֵד עָלָיו קֹדֶשׁ הוּא</span></td>
 
<td>(יהושע ה:טו) וַיֹּאמֶר שַׂר צְבָא י"י אֶל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ <span style="color: #ff0000;">שַׁל נַעַלְךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶךָ כִּי הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹמֵד עָלָיו קֹדֶשׁ הוּא</span></td>
 
<td>(שמות ג:ה) וַיֹּאמֶר אַל תִּקְרַב הֲלֹם <span style="color: #ff0000;">שַׁל נְעָלֶיךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶיךָ כִּי הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עוֹמֵד עָלָיו <span style="color: #333333;">אַדְמַת</span> קֹדֶשׁ הוּא </span></td>
 
<td>(שמות ג:ה) וַיֹּאמֶר אַל תִּקְרַב הֲלֹם <span style="color: #ff0000;">שַׁל נְעָלֶיךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶיךָ כִּי הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עוֹמֵד עָלָיו <span style="color: #333333;">אַדְמַת</span> קֹדֶשׁ הוּא </span></td>
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<td>(יהושע י:כא) וַיָּשֻׁבוּ כׇל הָעָם אֶל הַמַּחֲנֶה אֶל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַקֵּדָה בְּשָׁלוֹם <span style="color: #993366;"><span style="color: #993300;">לֹא חָרַץ לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאִישׁ אֶת לְשֹׁנוֹ.</span></span></td>
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<td>(שמות יא:ז) <span style="color: #993300;">וּלְכֹל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא יֶחֱרַץ כֶּלֶב לְשֹׁנוֹ</span> לְמֵאִישׁ וְעַד בְּהֵמָה לְמַעַן תֵּדְעוּן אֲשֶׁר יַפְלֶה י"י בֵּין מִצְרַיִם וּבֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל.</td>
 
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<h2>Analysis</h2>
 
<h2>Analysis</h2>
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li><b>Distinctive phrases</b> – Several of the above phrases are unique to these stories. Only Moshe and Yehoshua are given the title "<span style="color: #0000ff;">עֶבֶד י"י</span>" and only they are told "<span style="color: #ff0000;">שַׁל נַעַלְךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶךָ</span>". Similarly, no where else does anyone say "<span style="color: #99cc00;">כִּי יִשְׁאׇלְךָ בִנְךָ מָחָר</span>". Finally, the cluster of phrases "<span style="color: #339966;">חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ</span>", "<span style="color: #00ccff;">לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ</span>" and "<span style="color: #339966;">אַל תֵּחָת</span>" are found only here and in one other story, when David encourages Shelomo to build the Mikdash.<fn>See Divrei HaYamim 28:20. The two phrases "חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ" and "אַל תֵּחָת" also come together when Chizkiyahu attempts to calm the nation's fears in face of the Assyrian threat (See Divrei HaYamim II 32:7).</fn></li>
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<li><b>Distinctive phrases</b> – Several of the above phrases are unique to these stories. Only Moshe and Yehoshua are given the title "<span style="color: #0000ff;">עֶבֶד י"י</span>" and only they are told "<span style="color: #ff0000;">שַׁל נַעַלְךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶךָ</span>". Similarly, the phrases "<span style="color: #993366;">כׇּל מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר תִּדְרֹךְ כַּף רַגְלְכֶם בּוֹ</span>" ,"<span style="color: #99cc00;">כִּי יִשְׁאׇלְךָ בִנְךָ מָחָר</span>" and "<span style="color: #800080;">לֹא<span style="color: #993300;"> חָרַץ לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְשֹׁנוֹ</span></span>" appear only here. Other formulations are rare and appear only in a handful of other places.&#160; Thus, the word "נֵד" appears only here and in two verses in Tehillim,<fn>See Tehillim 33:7 and 78:13.&#160; See also Yeshayahu 17:11 where the word also appears but with a different meaning.</fn> one of which alludes back to our stories.&#160; Finally, the cluster of phrases "<span style="color: #339966;">חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ</span>", "<span style="color: #00ccff;">לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ</span>" and "<span style="color: #339966;">אַל תֵּחָת</span>" are found only here and in Divrei HaYamim.<fn>See Divrei HaYamim 28:20, David's words to Shelomo before his death.&#160; The context there is also one of encouragement to a new leader who has to fill big shoes. The two phrases "חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ" and "אַל תֵּחָת" also come together when Chizkiyahu attempts to calm the nation's fears in face of the Assyrian threat (See Divrei HaYamim II 32:7).</fn></li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li><b>Degree of similarity</b> – Many of the parallels have a high degree of similarity. There are a couple of sentences which are almost completely identical,<fn>See Yehoshua 1:15 / Devarim 3:20 and Yehoshua 5:15 / Shemot 3:5.</fn> and other terms which only differ in number,<fn>See "כִּי יִשְׁאׇלְךָ בִנְךָ" versus "אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן בְּנֵיכֶם".</fn> speaker,<fn>Compare, for instance, "לֹא אַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא אֶעֶזְבֶךָּ" and "לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ".</fn> or order.<fn>For example, compare "נְשֵׁיכֶם טַפְּכֶם וּמִקְנֵיכֶם" and "טַפֵּנוּ נָשֵׁינוּ מִקְנֵנוּ".</fn> </li>
+
<li><b>Degree of similarity</b> – Many of the parallels have a high degree of similarity. There are a couple of sentences which are almost completely identical,<fn>For example, see Yehoshua 1:3-4 / Devarim 11:24, Yehoshua 1:15 / Devarim 3:20, Yehoshua 5:15 / Shemot 3:5 and Yehoshua 10:21 / Shemot 11/7.</fn> and other terms which differ only in number,<fn>See "כִּי יִשְׁאׇלְךָ בִנְךָ" versus "אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן בְּנֵיכֶם".</fn> speaker,<fn>Compare, for instance, "לֹא אַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא אֶעֶזְבֶךָּ" and "לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ".</fn> or order.<fn>For example, compare "נְשֵׁיכֶם טַפְּכֶם וּמִקְנֵיכֶם" and "טַפֵּנוּ נָשֵׁינוּ מִקְנֵנוּ".</fn>&#160; In other instances meaning is maintained though word choice differs.<fn>For example, Yehoshua says "הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל" in place of "הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֹן", or "גִּבּוֹרֵי הַחַיִל" instead of "בְּנֵי חָיִל".</fn></li>
<li>Clustering –</li>
+
<li><b>Clustering</b> &#160; In some of the example, there is a clustering of parallels, further suggesting that these are not coincidental.&#160; Thus, Yehoshua 1:1-9 allude repeatedly to Devarim 31, and verses 14-15 make several references back to Devarim 3.</li>
 
<li>Roles in their respective stories –</li>
 
<li>Roles in their respective stories –</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>

Version as of 22:57, 20 June 2016

Moshe and Yehoshua

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Introduction

In Bavli Bava BatraBava Batra 75a-bAbout Bavli Bava Batra, Moshe and Yehoshua are compared, with Moshe being likened to the sun and Yehoshua to the moon.  The analogy highlights one of the greatest challenges faced by Yehoshua; how do you fill the shoes of a leader such as Moshe?  Will you not automatically dim in comparison?  Can you hope to be viewed as anything more than a meager reflection?  When reading the Book of Yehoshua, it becomes apparent that the text consciously calls for a comparison between the leaders, repeatedly alluding to Moshe's actions and words . The many content parallels further suggest that many of Yehoshua's deeds do in fact reflect those of his teacher, as he replays some of the major events of Moshe's career.

Content Parallels

Leadership
  • Title – Both Moshe and Yehoshua are referred to as  "עֶבֶד י"י".‎1  They are the only two leaders in Tanakh to merit the title.
  • Encouragement needed – At the beginning of their careers each leader lacks confidence and needs Hashem to tell them, "I will be with you".2  
  • King and prophet – In contrast to other leaders, Moshe and Yehoshua each take on both political and spiritual roles, combining the positions of king and prophet.
Similar Events Many of the pivotal events of Moshe's career occur again during Yehoshua's tenure:
  • Revelation – At the burning bush, an angel tells Moshe to remove his sandals, since the land upon which he stands is holy. In Yericho, Yehoshua is told the same.
  • Splitting of water – The miracle of the splitting of Yam Suf is repeated in the time of Yehoshua as the Jordan is similarly cut in two.3
  • Pesach – The Pesach is sacrificed before the major events of each era, the Exodus and the Conquest.4
  • Spies – Both Moshe and Yehoshua send spies to check out the land before the intended conquest.
Fulfillment of Tasks

Tasks begun by Moshe are completed by Yehoshua:

  • Conquest – Moshe aids the nation to conquer the eastern side of the Jordan, while Yehoshua leads the people to conquer the west.5
  • Inheritance - While Moshe gives the 2 1/2 tribes their inheritance in the lands conquered from Sichon and Og, Yehoshua apportions the rest of the land to the remaining tribes.6
  • Promise to Calev -
  • Promise of 2 1/2 tribes – Yehoshua ensures that the 2/12 tribes fulfill their promise to Moshe and fight in the front lines.7
  • Blessings and curses – Yehoshua sets up the ceremony of blessings and curses at Mt. Eival and Mt. Gerezim as commanded by Moshe.8
  • Cities of Refuge – Moshe allocates three cities on the eastern side of the Jordan and Yehoshua designates the three cities on the western side.

Literary Allusions

The above content parallels are buttressed by several literary allusions:

EN/HEע/E
יהושע משה
(יהושע א:ב) מֹשֶׁה עַבְדִּי מֵת וְעַתָּה קוּם עֲבֹר אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה  (דברים לא:ב) וַי"י אָמַר אֵלַי לֹא תַעֲבֹר אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה. 
(יהושע א:ג-ה) כׇּל מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר תִּדְרֹךְ כַּף רַגְלְכֶם בּוֹ לָכֶם נְתַתִּיו כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתִּי אֶל מֹשֶׁה. מֵהַמִּדְבָּר וְהַלְּבָנוֹן הַזֶּה וְעַד הַנָּהָר הַגָּדוֹל נְהַר פְּרָת כֹּל אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים וְעַד הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל מְבוֹא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ יִהְיֶה גְּבוּלְכֶם. לֹא יִתְיַצֵּב אִישׁ לְפָנֶיךָ... (דברים יא:כד) כׇּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר תִּדְרֹךְ כַּף רַגְלְכֶם בּוֹ לָכֶם יִהְיֶה מִן הַמִּדְבָּר וְהַלְּבָנוֹן מִן הַנָּהָר נְהַר פְּרָת וְעַד הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֹן יִהְיֶה גְּבֻלְכֶם. לֹא יִתְיַצֵּב אִישׁ בִּפְנֵיכֶם...
(יהושע א:ה) כַּאֲשֶׁר הָיִיתִי עִם מֹשֶׁה אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ לֹא אַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא אֶעֶזְבֶךָּ.

(שמות ג:יב) וַיֹּאמֶר כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ
(דברים לא:ח) וַי"י ... הוּא יִהְיֶה עִמָּךְ לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ.

(יהושע א:ח) לֹא יָמוּשׁ סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֶּה מִפִּיךָ (דברים לא:ט) וַיִּכְתֹּב מֹשֶׁה אֶת הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת
(יהושע א:ט) הֲלוֹא צִוִּיתִיךָ חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ אַל תַּעֲרֹץ וְאַל תֵּחָת כִּי עִמְּךָ י"י אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (דברים לא:ו-ח) חִזְקוּ וְאִמְצוּ אַל תִּירְאוּ וְאַל תַּעַרְצוּ... חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ...  וַי"י הוּא הַהֹלֵךְ לְפָנֶיךָ הוּא יִהְיֶה עִמָּךְ... לֹא תִירָא וְלֹא תֵחָת
(יהושע א:יא) הָכִינוּ לָכֶם צֵידָה כִּי בְּעוֹד שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים אַתֶּם עֹבְרִים אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן

(שמות יב:לט) וְגַם צֵדָה לֹא עָשׂוּ לָהֶם
(שמות ה:ג) נֵלְכָה נָּא דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים

(יהושע א:יד) נְשֵׁיכֶם טַפְּכֶם וּמִקְנֵיכֶם יֵשְׁבוּ בָּאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָכֶם מֹשֶׁה בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן וְאַתֶּם תַּעַבְרוּ חֲמֻשִׁים לִפְנֵי אֲחֵיכֶם כֹּל גִּבּוֹרֵי הַחַיִל וַעֲזַרְתֶּם אוֹתָם.

(במדבר לב:כו-כז) טַפֵּנוּ נָשֵׁינוּ מִקְנֵנוּ וְכׇל בְּהֶמְתֵּנוּ יִהְיוּ שָׁם בְּעָרֵי הַגִּלְעָד
(דברים ג:יח) חֲלוּצִים תַּעַבְרוּ לִפְנֵי אֲחֵיכֶם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כׇּל בְּנֵי חָיִל.

(יהושע א:טו) עַד אֲשֶׁר יָנִיחַ י"י לַאֲחֵיכֶם כָּכֶם וְיָרְשׁוּ גַם הֵמָּה אֶת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר י"י אֱלֹהֵיכֶם נֹתֵן לָהֶם וְשַׁבְתֶּם לְאֶרֶץ יְרֻשַּׁתְכֶם וִירִשְׁתֶּם אוֹתָהּ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָכֶם מֹשֶׁה... (דברים ג:כ) עַד אֲשֶׁר יָנִיחַ י"י לַאֲחֵיכֶם כָּכֶם וְיָרְשׁוּ גַם הֵם אֶת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר י"י אֱלֹהֵיכֶם נֹתֵן לָהֶם בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן וְשַׁבְתֶּם אִישׁ לִירֻשָּׁתוֹ אֲשֶׁר נָתַתִּי לָכֶם. 
(יהושע ב:א)  וַיִּשְׁלַח יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן מִן הַשִּׁטִּים שְׁנַיִם אֲנָשִׁים מְרַגְּלִים חֶרֶשׁ לֵאמֹר לְכוּ רְאוּ אֶת הָאָרֶץ (במדבר יג:ב,יח) שְׁלַח לְךָ אֲנָשִׁים... וּרְאִיתֶם אֶת הָאָרֶץ מַה הִוא 
(יהושע ג:טז-יז) וַיַּעַמְדוּ הַמַּיִם הַיֹּרְדִים מִלְמַעְלָה קָמוּ נֵד אֶחָד... וְכׇל יִשְׂרָאֵל עֹבְרִים בֶּחָרָבָה

(שמות טו:ח) וּבְרוּחַ אַפֶּיךָ נֶעֶרְמוּ מַיִם נִצְּבוּ כְמוֹ נֵד נֹזְלִים קָפְאוּ תְהֹמֹת בְּלֶב יָם
(שמות יד:כא) וַיָּשֶׂם אֶת הַיָּם לֶחָרָבָה

(יהושע ד:כא) וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן בְּנֵיכֶם מָחָר אֶת אֲבוֹתָם לֵאמֹר מָה הָאֲבָנִים הָאֵלֶּה. (שמות יג:יד) וְהָיָה כִּי יִשְׁאׇלְךָ בִנְךָ מָחָר לֵאמֹר מַה זֹּאת וְאָמַרְתָּ אֵלָיו בְּחֹזֶק יָד הוֹצִיאָנוּ י"י מִמִּצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים.9
(יהושע ה:טו) וַיֹּאמֶר שַׂר צְבָא י"י אֶל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ שַׁל נַעַלְךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶךָ כִּי הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹמֵד עָלָיו קֹדֶשׁ הוּא (שמות ג:ה) וַיֹּאמֶר אַל תִּקְרַב הֲלֹם שַׁל נְעָלֶיךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶיךָ כִּי הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עוֹמֵד עָלָיו אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא
(יהושע י:כא) וַיָּשֻׁבוּ כׇל הָעָם אֶל הַמַּחֲנֶה אֶל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַקֵּדָה בְּשָׁלוֹם לֹא חָרַץ לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאִישׁ אֶת לְשֹׁנוֹ. (שמות יא:ז) וּלְכֹל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא יֶחֱרַץ כֶּלֶב לְשֹׁנוֹ לְמֵאִישׁ וְעַד בְּהֵמָה לְמַעַן תֵּדְעוּן אֲשֶׁר יַפְלֶה י"י בֵּין מִצְרַיִם וּבֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל.
(יהושע כד:כט) וַיָּמׇת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן עֶבֶד י"י (דברים לד:ה) וַיָּמׇת שָׁם מֹשֶׁה עֶבֶד י"י 

 

Analysis

  • Distinctive phrases – Several of the above phrases are unique to these stories. Only Moshe and Yehoshua are given the title "עֶבֶד י"י" and only they are told "שַׁל נַעַלְךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶךָ". Similarly, the phrases "כׇּל מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר תִּדְרֹךְ כַּף רַגְלְכֶם בּוֹ" ,"כִּי יִשְׁאׇלְךָ בִנְךָ מָחָר" and "לֹא חָרַץ לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְשֹׁנוֹ" appear only here. Other formulations are rare and appear only in a handful of other places.  Thus, the word "נֵד" appears only here and in two verses in Tehillim,10 one of which alludes back to our stories.  Finally, the cluster of phrases "חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ", "לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ" and "אַל תֵּחָת" are found only here and in Divrei HaYamim.11
  • Degree of similarity – Many of the parallels have a high degree of similarity. There are a couple of sentences which are almost completely identical,12 and other terms which differ only in number,13 speaker,14 or order.15  In other instances meaning is maintained though word choice differs.16
  • Clustering –  In some of the example, there is a clustering of parallels, further suggesting that these are not coincidental.  Thus, Yehoshua 1:1-9 allude repeatedly to Devarim 31, and verses 14-15 make several references back to Devarim 3.
  • Roles in their respective stories –

Points of Contrast

Conclusions