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<h2>Analysis</h2>
 
<h2>Analysis</h2>
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li><b>Degree of similarity</b> –&#160;</li>
 
 
<li><b>Distinctive phrases</b> – Several of the above phrases are unique to these stories. Only Moshe and Yehoshua are given the title "<span style="color: #0000ff;">עֶבֶד י"י</span>" and only they are told "<span style="color: #ff0000;">שַׁל נַעַלְךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶךָ</span>". Similarly, no where else does anyone say "<span style="color: #99cc00;">כִּי יִשְׁאׇלְךָ בִנְךָ מָחָר</span>". Finally, the cluster of phrases "<span style="color: #339966;">חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ</span>", "<span style="color: #00ccff;">לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ</span>" and "<span style="color: #339966;">אַל תֵּחָת</span>" are found only here and when David encourages Shelomo to build the Mikdash.<fn>See Divrei HaYamim 28:20. The two phrases "חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ" and "אַל תֵּחָת" also come together when Chizkiyahu attempts to calm the nation's fears in face of the Assyrian threat (See Divrei HaYamim II 32:7).</fn></li>
 
<li><b>Distinctive phrases</b> – Several of the above phrases are unique to these stories. Only Moshe and Yehoshua are given the title "<span style="color: #0000ff;">עֶבֶד י"י</span>" and only they are told "<span style="color: #ff0000;">שַׁל נַעַלְךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶךָ</span>". Similarly, no where else does anyone say "<span style="color: #99cc00;">כִּי יִשְׁאׇלְךָ בִנְךָ מָחָר</span>". Finally, the cluster of phrases "<span style="color: #339966;">חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ</span>", "<span style="color: #00ccff;">לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ</span>" and "<span style="color: #339966;">אַל תֵּחָת</span>" are found only here and when David encourages Shelomo to build the Mikdash.<fn>See Divrei HaYamim 28:20. The two phrases "חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ" and "אַל תֵּחָת" also come together when Chizkiyahu attempts to calm the nation's fears in face of the Assyrian threat (See Divrei HaYamim II 32:7).</fn></li>
 +
</ul>
 +
<ul>
 
<li><b>Degree of similarity</b> – Many of the parallels have a high degree of similarity. There are a couple of sentences which are almost completely identical,<fn>See Yehoshua 1:15 / Devarim 3:20 and Yehoshua 5:15 / Shemot 3:5.</fn> and other terms which only differ in number,<fn>See "כִּי יִשְׁאׇלְךָ בִנְךָ" versus "אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן בְּנֵיכֶם".</fn> speaker,<fn>Compare, for instance, "לֹא אַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא אֶעֶזְבֶךָּ" and "לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ".</fn> or order.<fn>For example, compare "נְשֵׁיכֶם טַפְּכֶם וּמִקְנֵיכֶם" and "טַפֵּנוּ נָשֵׁינוּ מִקְנֵנוּ".</fn></li>
 
<li><b>Degree of similarity</b> – Many of the parallels have a high degree of similarity. There are a couple of sentences which are almost completely identical,<fn>See Yehoshua 1:15 / Devarim 3:20 and Yehoshua 5:15 / Shemot 3:5.</fn> and other terms which only differ in number,<fn>See "כִּי יִשְׁאׇלְךָ בִנְךָ" versus "אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן בְּנֵיכֶם".</fn> speaker,<fn>Compare, for instance, "לֹא אַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא אֶעֶזְבֶךָּ" and "לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ".</fn> or order.<fn>For example, compare "נְשֵׁיכֶם טַפְּכֶם וּמִקְנֵיכֶם" and "טַפֵּנוּ נָשֵׁינוּ מִקְנֵנוּ".</fn></li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>

Version as of 12:51, 20 June 2016

Moshe and Yehoshua

This topic has not yet undergone editorial review

Introduction

Content Parallels

Leadership
  • Title – Both Moshe and Yehoshua are referred to as  "עֶבֶד י"י".‎1  They are the only two leaders in Tanakh to merit the title.
  • Encouragement needed – At the beginning of their careers each leader lacks confidence and needs Hashem to tell them, "I will be with you".2  
  • King and prophet – In contrast to other leaders, Moshe and Yehoshua each take on both political and spiritual roles, combining the positions of king and prophet.
Similar Events Many of the pivotal events of Moshe's career occur again during Yehoshua's tenure:
  • Revelation – At the burning bush, an angel tells Moshe to remove his sandals, since the land upon which he stands is holy. In Yericho, Yehoshua is told the same.
  • Splitting of water – The miracle of the splitting of Yam Suf is repeated in the time of Yehoshua as the Jordan is similarly cut in two.3
  • Pesach – The Pesach is sacrificed before the major events of each era, the Exodus and the Conquest.4
  • Spies – Both Moshe and Yehoshua send spies to check out the land before the intended conquest.
Fulfillment of Tasks

Tasks begun by Moshe are completed by Yehoshua:

  • Conquest – Moshe aids the nation to conquer the eastern side of the Jordan, while Yehoshua leads the people to conquer the west.5
  • Inheritance - While Moshe gives the 2 1/2 tribes their inheritance in the lands conquered from Sichon and Og, Yehoshua apportions the rest of the land to the remaining tribes.6
  • Promise of 2 1/2 tribes – Yehoshua ensures that the 2/12 tribes fulfill their promise to Moshe and fight in the front lines.7
  • Blessings and curses – Yehoshua sets up the ceremony of blessings and curses at Mt. Eival and Mt. Gerezim as commanded by Moshe.8
  • Cities of Refuge – Moshe allocates three cities on the eastern side of the Jordan and Yehoshua designates the three cities on the western side.

Literary Allusions

The above content parallels are buttressed by several literary allusions:

EN/HEע/E
יהושע משה
(יהושע א:ב) מֹשֶׁה עַבְדִּי מֵת וְעַתָּה קוּם עֲבֹר אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה  (דברים לא:ב) וַי"י אָמַר אֵלַי לֹא תַעֲבֹר אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה. 
(יהושע א:ה) כַּאֲשֶׁר הָיִיתִי עִם מֹשֶׁה אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ לֹא אַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא אֶעֶזְבֶךָּ.

(שמות ג:יב) וַיֹּאמֶר כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ
(דברים לא:ח) וַי"י ... הוּא יִהְיֶה עִמָּךְ לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ.

(יהושע א:ח) לֹא יָמוּשׁ סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֶּה מִפִּיךָ (דברים לא:ט) וַיִּכְתֹּב מֹשֶׁה אֶת הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת
(יהושע א:ט) הֲלוֹא צִוִּיתִיךָ חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ אַל תַּעֲרֹץ וְאַל תֵּחָת כִּי עִמְּךָ י"י אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (דברים לא:ו-ח) חִזְקוּ וְאִמְצוּ אַל תִּירְאוּ וְאַל תַּעַרְצוּ... חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ...  וַי"י הוּא הַהֹלֵךְ לְפָנֶיךָ הוּא יִהְיֶה עִמָּךְ... לֹא תִירָא וְלֹא תֵחָת
(יהושע א:יא) הָכִינוּ לָכֶם צֵידָה כִּי בְּעוֹד שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים אַתֶּם עֹבְרִים אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן

(שמות יב:לט) וְגַם צֵדָה לֹא עָשׂוּ לָהֶם
(שמות ה:ג) נֵלְכָה נָּא דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים

(יהושע א:יד) נְשֵׁיכֶם טַפְּכֶם וּמִקְנֵיכֶם יֵשְׁבוּ בָּאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָכֶם מֹשֶׁה בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן וְאַתֶּם תַּעַבְרוּ חֲמֻשִׁים לִפְנֵי אֲחֵיכֶם כֹּל גִּבּוֹרֵי הַחַיִל וַעֲזַרְתֶּם אוֹתָם.

(במדבר לב:כו-כז) טַפֵּנוּ נָשֵׁינוּ מִקְנֵנוּ וְכׇל בְּהֶמְתֵּנוּ יִהְיוּ שָׁם בְּעָרֵי הַגִּלְעָד
(דברים ג:יח) חֲלוּצִים תַּעַבְרוּ לִפְנֵי אֲחֵיכֶם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כׇּל בְּנֵי חָיִל.

(יהושע א:טו) עַד אֲשֶׁר יָנִיחַ י"י לַאֲחֵיכֶם כָּכֶם וְיָרְשׁוּ גַם הֵמָּה אֶת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר י"י אֱלֹהֵיכֶם נֹתֵן לָהֶם וְשַׁבְתֶּם לְאֶרֶץ יְרֻשַּׁתְכֶם וִירִשְׁתֶּם אוֹתָהּ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָכֶם מֹשֶׁה... (דברים ג:כ) עַד אֲשֶׁר יָנִיחַ י"י לַאֲחֵיכֶם כָּכֶם וְיָרְשׁוּ גַם הֵם אֶת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר י"י אֱלֹהֵיכֶם נֹתֵן לָהֶם בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן וְשַׁבְתֶּם אִישׁ לִירֻשָּׁתוֹ אֲשֶׁר נָתַתִּי לָכֶם. 
(יהושע ב:א)  וַיִּשְׁלַח יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן מִן הַשִּׁטִּים שְׁנַיִם אֲנָשִׁים מְרַגְּלִים חֶרֶשׁ לֵאמֹר לְכוּ רְאוּ אֶת הָאָרֶץ (במדבר יג:ב,יח) שְׁלַח לְךָ אֲנָשִׁים... וּרְאִיתֶם אֶת הָאָרֶץ מַה הִוא 
(יהושע ד:כא) וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן בְּנֵיכֶם מָחָר אֶת אֲבוֹתָם לֵאמֹר מָה הָאֲבָנִים הָאֵלֶּה. (שמות יג:יד) וְהָיָה כִּי יִשְׁאׇלְךָ בִנְךָ מָחָר לֵאמֹר מַה זֹּאת וְאָמַרְתָּ אֵלָיו בְּחֹזֶק יָד הוֹצִיאָנוּ י"י מִמִּצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים.9
(יהושע ה:טו) וַיֹּאמֶר שַׂר צְבָא י"י אֶל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ שַׁל נַעַלְךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶךָ כִּי הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹמֵד עָלָיו קֹדֶשׁ הוּא (שמות ג:ה) וַיֹּאמֶר אַל תִּקְרַב הֲלֹם שַׁל נְעָלֶיךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶיךָ כִּי הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עוֹמֵד עָלָיו אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא
(יהושע כד:כט) וַיָּמׇת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן עֶבֶד י"י (דברים לד:ה) וַיָּמׇת שָׁם מֹשֶׁה עֶבֶד י"י 

 

Analysis

  • Distinctive phrases – Several of the above phrases are unique to these stories. Only Moshe and Yehoshua are given the title "עֶבֶד י"י" and only they are told "שַׁל נַעַלְךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶךָ". Similarly, no where else does anyone say "כִּי יִשְׁאׇלְךָ בִנְךָ מָחָר". Finally, the cluster of phrases "חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ", "לֹא יַרְפְּךָ וְלֹא יַעַזְבֶךָּ" and "אַל תֵּחָת" are found only here and when David encourages Shelomo to build the Mikdash.10
  • Degree of similarity – Many of the parallels have a high degree of similarity. There are a couple of sentences which are almost completely identical,11 and other terms which only differ in number,12 speaker,13 or order.14

Points of Contrast

Conclusions