Petition of the Two and a Half Tribes/1/en
Petition of the Two and a Half Tribes
Introduction
A Problematic Request
Bemidbar 32 revolves around the request of Reuven and Gad to settle the lands east of the Jordan which had been conquered from Sichon and Og. Moshe's initial response is negative. He chastises them both for leaving the burden of fighting to the rest of the tribes and for dissuading the nation from crossing into Israel:
(ו) וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה לִבְנֵי גָד וְלִבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן הַאַחֵיכֶם יָבֹאוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה וְאַתֶּם תֵּשְׁבוּ פֹה. (ז) וְלָמָּה [תְנִיאוּן] (תנואון) אֶת לֵב בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵעֲבֹר אֶל הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָהֶם י"י. (ח) כֹּה עָשׂוּ אֲבֹתֵיכֶם בְּשׇׁלְחִי אֹתָם מִקָּדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ לִרְאוֹת אֶת הָאָרֶץ.
(6) And Moses said unto the children of Gad and to the children of Reuben: 'Shall your brethren go to the war, and shall ye sit here? (7) And wherefore will ye turn away the heart of the children of Israel from going over into the land which the Lord hath given them? (8) Thus did your fathers, when I sent them from Kadesh-barnea to see the land.
Immediately afterwards, however, Reuven and Gad express their willingness not just to fight, but even to lead the nation in battle. Moshe changes his mind and acquiesce to their original demands.
How are we to evaluate both the original request and Moshe's reaction? Did the tribes really mean to forsake the Promised Land, and leave their brothers to embark on the Conquest alone? If so, why are they so quick to change their minds and offer to head the campaign? Similarly, if settling the eastern bank of the Jordan was problematic, and the tribes' request so troubling to Moshe that he compares their actions to the sin of the spies, why, in the end, does he allow it?
What is the Promised Land?
Moshe never explicitly rebukes the tribes for rejecting Hashem's Promised Land, though his comparison to the Spies might suggest that this was, nonetheless, troubling to him. How did Moshe view the lands that lay on the eastern bank of the Jordan? Did he consider this territry outside the borders of the Holy Land, or a part of Hashem's gift to the nation? Did the lands have the same level of sanctity as the western bank or less? Finally, were it not for Reuven and Gad's request, what would have become of the conquered territory? Were these lands always meant to be settled or would they have remained barren?
The Sudden Appearance of Menashe
Throughout most of the chapter, the only tribes who negotiate with Moshe are Reuven and Gad. In verse 33, however, we suddenly read that part of the territory is apportioned to clans from Menashe. How is one to understand their sudden appearance in the story? Were they part of the original petition? If so, why were they not mentioned until now? If not, why does Moshe decide to give them some of the land? This is especially troubling considering his original reluctance to grant the request at all!
Yehoshua
Textual Issues
The passage raises numerous textual questions which might shed light on some of the issues raised above:
- "וּמִקְנֶה רַב" – Throughout the opening verses of the chapter there is repeated emphasis on the word "cattle". This is further emphasized by the unusual formulation of the opening phrase of the chapter which begins with the subject "מִקְנֶה" rather than the expected verb ("ויהי מקנה"). Is the focus on cattle meant to imply a negative evaluation of the tribe's materialism, or simply to provide necessary background for the plot?
- "...עֲטָרוֹת וְדִיבֹן וְיַעְזֵר וְנִמְרָה" – When Reuven and Gad present their petition, they open by listing the names of the cities they wish to settle without first providing the general context of their request. How is this awkward formulation to be understood?
- Double Vayomer
- Moshe's rephrasing of the modified proposal - In verses 20-24, Moshe repeats the tribes' proposal with slight differences. For example, whereas they had said, "וַאֲנַחְנוּ נֵחָלֵץ חֻשִׁים לִפְנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל", Moshe instead says, "אִם תֵּחָלְצוּ לִפְנֵי י"י לַמִּלְחָמָה". While they speak first of building pens for their animals and then fortified cities for their children, Moshe reverses the order, and omits the fortifications. Why does Moshe feel the need to repeat the conditions, and are the changes he makes significant?
