Difference between revisions of "Prohibition of Blood/2"
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<category name="Lesson in Life's Sanctity"> | <category name="Lesson in Life's Sanctity"> | ||
Lesson in the Sanctity of Life | Lesson in the Sanctity of Life | ||
− | <p>Refraining from eating blood, the source or symbol of an animal's vitality and soul, reminds one of the sanctity of all life.</p> | + | <p>Refraining from eating blood, the source or symbol of an animal's vitality and soul, reminds one of the sanctity of all life. Eating it would be repugnant and cruel.</p> |
− | <mekorot><multilink><a href="RambanVayikra17-11" data-aht="source"> | + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="RambanVayikra17-11" data-aht="source">Ramban</a><a href="RambanVayikra17-11" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:11</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Nachman (Ramban, Nachmanides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe b. Nachman</a></multilink> #2,<fn>Ramban also speaks of the blood's detrimental effects on human nature and its allocation to Hashem.</fn> <multilink><a href="SeferHaChinukh148" data-aht="source">Sefer HaChinukh</a><a href="SeferHaChinukh148" data-aht="source">148</a><a href="Sefer HaChinukh" data-aht="parshan">About Sefer HaChinukh</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="AbarbanelVayikra17" data-aht="source">Abarbanel</a><a href="AbarbanelVayikra17" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17</a><a href="AbarbanelDevarim12-20" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:20</a><a href="R. Yitzchak Abarbanel" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yitzchak Abarbanel</a></multilink> #3,<fn>Abarbanel brings many reasons for the prohibition; this is the third possibility he raises in his commentary on Vayikra 17 and Devarim 12.</fn>  <multilink><a href="KeliYekarVayikra17-13" data-aht="source">Keli Yekar</a><a href="KeliYekarVayikra17-13" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:13</a><a href="R. Shelomo Ephraim Luntschitz (Keli Yekar)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shelomo Ephraim Luntschitz</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="ShadalDevarim12-23" data-aht="source">Shadal</a><a href="ShadalDevarim12-23" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:23</a><a href="R. Shemuel David Luzzatto (Shadal)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shemuel David Luzzatto</a></multilink>,<fn>He also connects aspects of the prohibition to idolatrous practices.</fn> <multilink><a href="RDavidZviHoffmannDevarim12-23-25" data-aht="source">R. D"Z Hoffmann</a><a href="RDavidZviHoffmannVayikra3-17" data-aht="source">Vayikra 3:17</a><a href="RDavidZviHoffmannVayikra17-11-14" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:11-14</a><a href="RDavidZviHoffmannDevarim12-23-25" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:23-25</a><a href="R. David Zvi Hoffmann" data-aht="parshan">About R. David Zvi Hoffmann</a></multilink>,<fn>R. Hoffmann also suggests that the prohibition relates to the fact that the blood is sanctified to Hashem.</fn> R. Kook</mekorot> |
</category> | </category> | ||
<category>Detrimental to Health | <category>Detrimental to Health | ||
<p>Eating blood is detrimental to both one's physical and spiritual health.</p> | <p>Eating blood is detrimental to both one's physical and spiritual health.</p> | ||
− | <mekorot>Ibn Ezra, | + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="IbnEzraDevarim12-25" data-aht="source">Ibn Ezra</a><a href="IbnEzraVayikra3-17" data-aht="source">Vayikra 3:17</a><a href="IbnEzraDevarim12-25" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:25</a><a href="IbnEzraBereshitFirstCommentary9-4" data-aht="source">Bereshit First Commentary 9:4</a><a href="R. Avraham ibn Ezra" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham ibn Ezra</a></multilink>,<fn>In his comments to Vayikra 3 he, instead, explains that blood is prohibited since it Hashem's portion.  It is possible that he differentiates between the reason for the prohibition with regards to domesticated animals (which are fit for sacrificing) and non-domesticated animals (which are not fit for sacrificing).  Since the blood of the latter is not allocated to Hashem, there must be a different reason for the prohibition.</fn> <multilink><a href="RambanVayikra17-11" data-aht="source">Ramban</a><a href="RambanVayikra17-11" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:11</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Nachman (Ramban, Nachmanides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe b. Nachman</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="SeferHaChinukh148" data-aht="source">Sefer Hachinukh</a><a href="SeferHaChinukh148" data-aht="source">148</a><a href="Sefer HaChinukh" data-aht="parshan">About Sefer HaChinukh</a></multilink>,<fn>He refers to both the spiritual and physical aspects.</fn> <multilink><a href="RalbagVayikra3-16-17" data-aht="source">Ralbag</a><a href="RalbagVayikra3-16-17" data-aht="source">Vayikra 3:16-17</a><a href="RalbagVayikra17-11-14" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:11-14</a><a href="RalbagVayikraToalot3-17" data-aht="source">Vayikra Toalot 3:17</a><a href="R. Levi b. Gershom (Ralbag, Gersonides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Levi b. Gershom</a></multilink> #3, <multilink><a href="AbarbanelDevarim12-20" data-aht="source">Abarbanel </a><a href="AbarbanelVayikra17" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17</a><a href="AbarbanelDevarim12-20" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:20</a><a href="R. Yitzchak Abarbanel" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yitzchak Abarbanel</a></multilink>#2,<fn>Abarbanel brings many reasons for the prohibition; this is the second possibility he raises in his commentary on Vayikra 17 and Devarim 12.</fn> <multilink><a href="SefornoVayikra17-14" data-aht="source">Seforno</a><a href="SefornoVayikra17-14" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:14</a><a href="SefornoVayikra19-26" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:26</a><a href="SefornoDevarim12-23" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:23</a><a href="R. Ovadyah Seforno" data-aht="parshan">About R. Ovadyah Seforno</a></multilink>,<fn>He also relates the prohibition to idolatrous practices.</fn> <multilink><a href="OrHaChayyimVayikra17-10" data-aht="source">Or HaChayyim</a><a href="OrHaChayyimVayikra17-10" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:10</a><a href="OrHaChayyimVayikra17-11" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:11</a><a href="OrHaChayyimVayikra17-13" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:13</a><a href="R. Chayyim b. Atar (Or HaChayyim)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Chayyim b. Atar</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RSRHirschVayikra17-10-12" data-aht="source">R. Hirsch</a><a href="RSRHirschVayikra3-17" data-aht="source">Vayikra 3:17</a><a href="RSRHirschVayikra7-26" data-aht="source">Vayikra 7:26</a><a href="RSRHirschVayikra17-10-12" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:10-12</a><a href="RSRHirschDevarim12-23" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:23</a><a href="R. Samson Raphael Hirsch" data-aht="parshan">About R. Samson Raphael Hirsch</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="NetzivVayikra17-11-14" data-aht="source">Netziv</a><a href="NetzivVayikra17-11-14" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:11-14</a><a href="NetzivDevarim12-23" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:23</a><a href="R. Naftali Tzvi Yehuda Berlin (Netziv)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Naftali Tzvi Yehuda Berlin</a></multilink><fn>Netziv distinguishes between the reason for the prohibition of eating the blood of domesticated and non-domesticated animals and maintains that only the latter is related to the negative effects it will have on man's nature.</fn></mekorot> |
</category> | </category> | ||
<category>Distancing from Idolatry | <category>Distancing from Idolatry | ||
<p>Consuming blood is prohibited since it is related to idolatrous practices.</p> | <p>Consuming blood is prohibited since it is related to idolatrous practices.</p> | ||
− | <mekorot><multilink><a href="MorehNevukhim3-46" data-aht="source">Rambam</a><a href="MorehNevukhim3-46" data-aht="source">Moreh Nevukhim 3:46</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Maimon (Rambam, Maimonides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe b. Maimon</a></multilink>, | + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="MorehNevukhim3-46" data-aht="source">Rambam</a><a href="MorehNevukhim3-46" data-aht="source">Moreh Nevukhim 3:46</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Maimon (Rambam, Maimonides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe b. Maimon</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RalbagVayikraToalot3-17" data-aht="source">Ralbag</a><a href="RalbagVayikra3-16-17" data-aht="source">Vayikra 3:16-17</a><a href="RalbagVayikra17-11-14" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:11-14</a><a href="RalbagVayikraToalot3-17" data-aht="source">Vayikra Toalot 3:17</a><a href="R. Levi b. Gershom (Ralbag, Gersonides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Levi b. Gershom</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="SefornoDevarim12-23" data-aht="source">Seforno</a><a href="SefornoVayikra17-14" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:14</a><a href="SefornoVayikra19-26" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:26</a><a href="SefornoDevarim12-23" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:23</a><a href="R. Ovadyah Seforno" data-aht="parshan">About R. Ovadyah Seforno</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="ShadalVayikra7-26" data-aht="source">Shadal</a><a href="ShadalVayikra7-26" data-aht="source">Vayikra 7:26</a><a href="ShadalVayikra17-13" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:13</a><a href="ShadalDevarim12-23" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:23</a><a href="R. Shemuel David Luzzatto (Shadal)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shemuel David Luzzatto</a></multilink><fn>This is his first explanation for the command to cover the blood of birds and non-domesticated animals.  Though he does not explicitly state that it is also the reason for the initial prohibition of blood, the two would seem to be connected.</fn></mekorot> |
</category> | </category> | ||
<category>Sanctified to Hashem | <category>Sanctified to Hashem | ||
<p>Since the blood of animals is thrown on the altar and sanctified to Hashem, it is not fit for human consumption.</p> | <p>Since the blood of animals is thrown on the altar and sanctified to Hashem, it is not fit for human consumption.</p> | ||
− | <mekorot> | + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="IbnEzraVayikra3-17" data-aht="source">Ibn Ezra</a><a href="IbnEzraVayikra3-17" data-aht="source">Vayikra 3:17</a><a href="IbnEzraDevarim12-25" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:25</a><a href="IbnEzraBereshitFirstCommentary9-4" data-aht="source">Bereshit First Commentary 9:4</a><a href="R. Avraham ibn Ezra" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham ibn Ezra</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RYosefBekhorShorVayikra17-11" data-aht="source">R. Yosef Bekhor Shor</a><a href="RYosefBekhorShorVayikra7-23" data-aht="source">Vayikra 7:23</a><a href="RYosefBekhorShorVayikra17-11" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:11</a><a href="RYosefBekhorShorVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="R. Yosef Bekhor Shor" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yosef Bekhor Shor</a></multilink>,<fn>He maintains that  this only relates to animals which are fit for sacrifices.  The blood of such domesticated animals is prohibited for two reasons - its being apportioned to Hashem as atonement and the fact that it is the animal's soul.  Non domesticated animals and birds are prohibited only for the second reason.</fn> <multilink><a href="RambanVayikra17-11" data-aht="source">Ramban</a><a href="RambanVayikra17-11" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:11</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Nachman (Ramban, Nachmanides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe b. Nachman</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RalbagVayikraToalot3-17" data-aht="source">Ralbag</a><a href="RalbagVayikra3-16-17" data-aht="source">Vayikra 3:16-17</a><a href="RalbagVayikra17-11-14" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:11-14</a><a href="RalbagVayikraToalot3-17" data-aht="source">Vayikra Toalot 3:17</a><a href="R. Levi b. Gershom (Ralbag, Gersonides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Levi b. Gershom</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="AbarbanelVayikra17" data-aht="source">Abarbanel</a><a href="AbarbanelBereshit9-1" data-aht="source">Bereshit 9:1</a><a href="AbarbanelVayikra3" data-aht="source">Vayikra 3</a><a href="AbarbanelVayikra17" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17</a><a href="AbarbanelDevarim12-20" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:20</a><a href="R. Yitzchak Abarbanel" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yitzchak Abarbanel</a></multilink> #1, <multilink><a href="TzerorHaMorVayikra17-3" data-aht="source">R. Avraham Saba</a><a href="TzerorHaMorVayikra17-3" data-aht="source">Tzeror HaMor Vayikra 17:3</a><a href="R. Avraham Saba (Tzeror HaMor)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham Saba (Tzeror HaMor)</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="NetzivVayikra17-11-14" data-aht="source">Netziv</a><a href="NetzivVayikra17-11-14" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:11-14</a><a href="NetzivDevarim12-23" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:23</a><a href="R. Naftali Tzvi Yehuda Berlin (Netziv)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Naftali Tzvi Yehuda Berlin</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RDavidZviHoffmannVayikra3-17" data-aht="source">R. David Zvi Hoffmann</a><a href="RDavidZviHoffmannVayikra3-17" data-aht="source">Vayikra 3:17</a><a href="RDavidZviHoffmannVayikra17-11-14" data-aht="source">Vayikra 17:11-14</a><a href="RDavidZviHoffmannDevarim12-23-25" data-aht="source">Devarim 12:23-25</a><a href="R. David Zvi Hoffmann" data-aht="parshan">About R. David Zvi Hoffmann</a></multilink>  </mekorot> |
</category> | </category> | ||
</approaches> | </approaches> | ||
</page> | </page> | ||
</aht-xml> | </aht-xml> |
Version as of 13:30, 4 December 2019
Prohibition of Blood
Exegetical Approaches
Lesson in the Sanctity of Life
Refraining from eating blood, the source or symbol of an animal's vitality and soul, reminds one of the sanctity of all life. Eating it would be repugnant and cruel.
Detrimental to Health
Eating blood is detrimental to both one's physical and spiritual health.
Distancing from Idolatry
Consuming blood is prohibited since it is related to idolatrous practices.
Sanctified to Hashem
Since the blood of animals is thrown on the altar and sanctified to Hashem, it is not fit for human consumption.
Sources:Ibn Ezra, R. Yosef Bekhor Shor,11 Ramban, Ralbag, Abarbanel #1, R. Avraham Saba, Netziv, R. David Zvi Hoffmann