Difference between revisions of "Purpose of the Laws of Hybrids/2"
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<category>Preserving Natural Law | <category>Preserving Natural Law | ||
| − | <p>The laws of hybrids remind mankind of Hashem's creation "each according to his species", and mandate that man too should abide by this natural law as | + | <p>The laws of hybrids remind mankind of Hashem's creation "each according to his species", and mandate that man, too, should abide by this natural law.  attempt to change the natural order of the world as created by Hashem. When Hashem created the world, he made each tree and animal according to its species, and mandated that each species should reproduce according to it own kind. Crossbreeding, then, goes against Hashem's plan of creation</p> |
| − | + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="PhiloTheSpecialLawsIV-208-217" data-aht="source">Philo</a><a href="PhiloTheSpecialLawsIV-208-217" data-aht="source">The Special Laws IV: 208-217</a><a href="Philo" data-aht="parshan">About Philo</a></multilink> #1, <multilink><a href="RashbamVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Rashbam</a><a href="RashbamVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="R. Shemuel b. Meir (Rashbam)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shemuel b. Meir</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="IbnEzraVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Ibn Ezra</a><a href="IbnEzraVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="IbnEzraDevarim22-9-12" data-aht="source">Devarim 22:9-12</a><a href="IbnEzraDevarim22-10" data-aht="source">Devarim 22:10</a><a href="R. Avraham ibn Ezra" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham ibn Ezra</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RYosefBekhorShorVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">R. Yosef Bekhor Shor</a><a href="RYosefBekhorShorVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="R. Yosef Bekhor Shor" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yosef Bekhor Shor</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="ChizkuniVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Chizkuni</a><a href="ChizkuniVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="ChizkuniDevarim22-9-11" data-aht="source">Devarim 22:9-11</a><a href="R. Chizkiyah b. Manoach (Chizkuni)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Chizkiyah b. Manoach</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RambanVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Ramban</a><a href="RambanVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="RambanDevarim22-10" data-aht="source">Devarim 22:10</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Nachman (Ramban, Nachmanides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe b. Nachman</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RBachyaVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">R. Bachya</a><a href="RBachyaVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="RBachyaDevarim22-10" data-aht="source">Devarim 22:10</a><a href="R. Bachya b. Asher" data-aht="parshan">About R. Bachya b. Asher</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="TurLongCommentaryVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Tur</a><a href="TurLongCommentaryVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Long Commentary Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="R. Yaakov b. Asher (Tur)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yaakov b. Asher</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RYosefibnKaspiVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">R. Yosef ibn Kaspi</a><a href="RYosefibnKaspiVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="R. Yosef ibn Kaspi" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yosef ibn Kaspi</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RalbagVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Ralbag</a><a href="RalbagVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="R. Levi b. Gershom (Ralbag, Gersonides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Levi b. Gershom</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="TzerorHaMorVayikra19-9" data-aht="source">R. Avraham Saba</a><a href="TzerorHaMorVayikra19-9" data-aht="source">Tzeror HaMor Vayikra 19:9</a><a href="R. Avraham Saba (Tzeror HaMor)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham Saba (Tzeror HaMor)</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="GurAryehVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Maharal</a><a href="GurAryehVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Gur Aryeh Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="R. Judah Loew of Prague (Maharal)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Judah Loew of Prague</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RSRHirschVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">R. S.R. Hirsch</a><a href="RSRHirschVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="R. Samson Raphael Hirsch" data-aht="parshan">About R. Samson Raphael Hirsch</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RDavidZviHoffmannVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">R . David Zvi Hoffmann</a><a href="RDavidZviHoffmannVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="RDavidZviHoffmannDevarim22-9" data-aht="source">Devarim 22:9</a><a href="R. David Zvi Hoffmann" data-aht="parshan">About R. David Zvi Hoffmann</a></multilink></mekorot> | |
| − | <point><b>What is wrong with mixing species?</b> Though all these sources emphasize that since Hashem created each species "according to its own kind" mankind too must not mix species, | + | <point><b>What is wrong with mixing species?</b> Though all these sources emphasize that since Hashem created each species "according to its own kind" mankind too must not mix species, they disagree regarding the specifics of why this is problematic:<br/> |
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| + | <li>Hubris – R"Y Bekhor Shor points out that there is a certain hubris in crossbreeding, as if one is trying to turn one's self into Creator, usurping the role of God. <br/><br/>Ramban adds that</li> | ||
| + | <li>Inability to bear offspring</li> | ||
<li>Order in creation/Proper place for all</li> | <li>Order in creation/Proper place for all</li> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
</ul></point> | </ul></point> | ||
<point><b>Meaning of "כִּלְאָיִם"</b></point> | <point><b>Meaning of "כִּלְאָיִם"</b></point> | ||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
<point><b>Biblical Parallels</b></point> | <point><b>Biblical Parallels</b></point> | ||
<point><b>Exceptions</b></point> | <point><b>Exceptions</b></point> | ||
| + | <point><b>Context</b></point> | ||
| + | <point><b>"את חקותי תשמורו"</b></point> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
<category>Distancing from Idolatry | <category>Distancing from Idolatry | ||
| Line 28: | Line 30: | ||
<mekorot><multilink><a href="MorehNevukhim3-37" data-aht="source">Rambam</a><a href="MorehNevukhim3-37" data-aht="source">Moreh Nevukhim 3:37</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Maimon (Rambam, Maimonides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe b. Maimon</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="ShadalVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Shadal</a><a href="ShadalVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="R. Shemuel David Luzzatto (Shadal)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shemuel David Luzzatto</a></multilink></mekorot> | <mekorot><multilink><a href="MorehNevukhim3-37" data-aht="source">Rambam</a><a href="MorehNevukhim3-37" data-aht="source">Moreh Nevukhim 3:37</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Maimon (Rambam, Maimonides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe b. Maimon</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="ShadalVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Shadal</a><a href="ShadalVayikra19-19" data-aht="source">Vayikra 19:19</a><a href="R. Shemuel David Luzzatto (Shadal)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shemuel David Luzzatto</a></multilink></mekorot> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
| − | <category>Caring for the Land& | + | <category name="Caring for Land & Animals"> |
| + | Caring for the Land & Animals | ||
<p><multilink><a href="PhiloTheSpecialLawsIV-208-217" data-aht="source">Philo</a><a href="PhiloTheSpecialLawsIV-208-217" data-aht="source">The Special Laws IV: 208-217</a><a href="Philo" data-aht="parshan">About Philo</a></multilink> #2, <multilink><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews48-20" data-aht="source">Josephus</a><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews48-11" data-aht="source">4 8:11</a><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews48-20" data-aht="source">4 8:20</a><a href="Josephus Antiquities of the Jews" data-aht="parshan">About Josephus Antiquities of the Jews</a></multilink> #1,</p> | <p><multilink><a href="PhiloTheSpecialLawsIV-208-217" data-aht="source">Philo</a><a href="PhiloTheSpecialLawsIV-208-217" data-aht="source">The Special Laws IV: 208-217</a><a href="Philo" data-aht="parshan">About Philo</a></multilink> #2, <multilink><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews48-20" data-aht="source">Josephus</a><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews48-11" data-aht="source">4 8:11</a><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews48-20" data-aht="source">4 8:20</a><a href="Josephus Antiquities of the Jews" data-aht="parshan">About Josephus Antiquities of the Jews</a></multilink> #1,</p> | ||
<point><b>Biblical parallels</b></point> | <point><b>Biblical parallels</b></point> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
| − | <category> | + | <category name="Preventing Prohibited Sex"> |
| − | <p><multilink><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews48-20" data-aht="source">Josephus</a><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews48-11" data-aht="source">4 8:11</a><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews48-20" data-aht="source">4 8:20</a><a href="Josephus Antiquities of the Jews" data-aht="parshan">About Josephus Antiquities of the Jews</a></multilink> #2, <multilink><a href="AkeidatYitzchakVayikraPeirush19" data-aht="source">Akeidat Yitzchak</a><a href="AkeidatYitzchakVayikraPeirush19" data-aht="source">Vayikra Peirush 19</a><a href="R. Yitzchak Arama (Akeidat Yitzchak)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yitzchak Arama</a></multilink></p> | + | Preventing Inappropriate Sexual Acts |
| + | <p><multilink><a href="PhiloTheSpecialLawsIV-208-217" data-aht="source">Philo</a><a href="PhiloTheSpecialLawsIV-208-217" data-aht="source">The Special Laws IV: 203-217</a><a href="Philo" data-aht="parshan">About Philo</a></multilink>,<multilink><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews48-20" data-aht="source"> Josephus</a><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews48-11" data-aht="source">4 8:11</a><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews48-20" data-aht="source">4 8:20</a><a href="Josephus Antiquities of the Jews" data-aht="parshan">About Josephus Antiquities of the Jews</a></multilink> #2, <multilink><a href="AkeidatYitzchakVayikraPeirush19" data-aht="source">Akeidat Yitzchak</a><a href="AkeidatYitzchakVayikraPeirush19" data-aht="source">Vayikra Peirush 19</a><a href="R. Yitzchak Arama (Akeidat Yitzchak)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yitzchak Arama</a></multilink></p> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
</approaches> | </approaches> | ||
</page> | </page> | ||
</aht-xml> | </aht-xml> | ||
Version as of 11:31, 12 February 2019
Laws of Hybrids – כלאיים
Exegetical Approaches
Preserving Natural Law
The laws of hybrids remind mankind of Hashem's creation "each according to his species", and mandate that man, too, should abide by this natural law. attempt to change the natural order of the world as created by Hashem. When Hashem created the world, he made each tree and animal according to its species, and mandated that each species should reproduce according to it own kind. Crossbreeding, then, goes against Hashem's plan of creation
Sources:Philo #1, Rashbam, Ibn Ezra, R. Yosef Bekhor Shor, Chizkuni, Ramban, R. Bachya, Tur, R. Yosef ibn Kaspi, Ralbag, R. Avraham Saba, Maharal, R. S.R. Hirsch, R . David Zvi Hoffmann
What is wrong with mixing species? Though all these sources emphasize that since Hashem created each species "according to its own kind" mankind too must not mix species, they disagree regarding the specifics of why this is problematic:
- Hubris – R"Y Bekhor Shor points out that there is a certain hubris in crossbreeding, as if one is trying to turn one's self into Creator, usurping the role of God.
Ramban adds that - Inability to bear offspring
- Order in creation/Proper place for all
Meaning of "כִּלְאָיִם"
"פֶּן תִּקְדַּשׁ הַמְלֵאָה"
Crossbreeding vs. Planting
"שַׁעַטְנֵז"
"לֹא תַחֲרֹשׁ בְּשׁוֹר וּבַחֲמֹר יַחְדָּו"
Biblical Parallels
Exceptions
Context
"את חקותי תשמורו"
Distancing from Idolatry
The prohibitions were instituted as a reaction to idolatrous customs, in an effort to keep the nation from imitating them.
