Difference between revisions of "Realia:Stones of the Choshen/0"
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<subcategory>1. אֹדֶם | <subcategory>1. אֹדֶם | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li>Identifications – A red stone, perhaps carnelian or jasper.</li> | + | <li>Possible Identifications – A red stone, perhaps carnelian or jasper.</li> |
<li>Biblical verses – </li> | <li>Biblical verses – </li> | ||
<li>Additional data – </li> | <li>Additional data – </li> | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
<subcategory>2. פִּטְדָה | <subcategory>2. פִּטְדָה | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| + | <li>Possible Identifications – olivine (peridot), yellow topaz.</li> | ||
<li>Biblical verses – </li> | <li>Biblical verses – </li> | ||
<li>Additional data – </li> | <li>Additional data – </li> | ||
| Line 24: | Line 25: | ||
<subcategory>3. בָרֶקֶת | <subcategory>3. בָרֶקֶת | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>Possible identifications – carbuncle (perhaps a red garnet), a green stone such as emerald or malakhite, or a banded stone such as agate or onyx.</li> |
<li>Biblical verses – </li> | <li>Biblical verses – </li> | ||
<li>Additional data – </li> | <li>Additional data – </li> | ||
| Line 31: | Line 32: | ||
<subcategory>4. נֹפֶךְ | <subcategory>4. נֹפֶךְ | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>Possible identifications – emerald (or other green stone), ruby or red garnet, turquoise.</li> |
<li>Biblical verses – </li> | <li>Biblical verses – </li> | ||
<li>Additional data – </li> | <li>Additional data – </li> | ||
| Line 38: | Line 39: | ||
<subcategory>5. סַפִּיר | <subcategory>5. סַפִּיר | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>Possible identifications – sapphire, lapis lazuli</li> |
<li>Biblical verses – </li> | <li>Biblical verses – </li> | ||
<li>Additional data – </li> | <li>Additional data – </li> | ||
| Line 45: | Line 46: | ||
<subcategory>6. יָהֲלֹם | <subcategory>6. יָהֲלֹם | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>Possible identifications – green quartz or jasper, clear crystal quartz, moonstone</li> |
<li>Biblical verses – </li> | <li>Biblical verses – </li> | ||
<li>Additional data – </li> | <li>Additional data – </li> | ||
| Line 52: | Line 53: | ||
<subcategory>7. לֶשֶׁם | <subcategory>7. לֶשֶׁם | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>Possible identifications – amber, jacinth, turquoise</li> |
| − | <li>Biblical verses – | + | <li>Biblical verses –</li> |
| − | <li>Additional data – | + | <li>Additional data –</li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</subcategory> | </subcategory> | ||
<subcategory>8. שְׁבוֹ | <subcategory>8. שְׁבוֹ | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>Possible identifications – agate, turquoise, jet</li> |
<li>Biblical verses – </li> | <li>Biblical verses – </li> | ||
<li>Additional data – </li> | <li>Additional data – </li> | ||
| Line 66: | Line 67: | ||
<subcategory>9. אַחְלָמָה | <subcategory>9. אַחְלָמָה | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>Possible identifications – sardonyx, amethyst, red jasper</li> |
<li>Biblical verses – </li> | <li>Biblical verses – </li> | ||
<li>Additional data – </li> | <li>Additional data – </li> | ||
| Line 73: | Line 74: | ||
<subcategory>10. תַּרְשִׁישׁ | <subcategory>10. תַּרְשִׁישׁ | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>Possible identifications – yellow-gold topaz, amber, aquamarine, </li> |
<li>Biblical verses – </li> | <li>Biblical verses – </li> | ||
<li>Additional data – </li> | <li>Additional data – </li> | ||
| Line 80: | Line 81: | ||
<subcategory>11. שֹׁהַם | <subcategory>11. שֹׁהַם | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>Possible identifications – beryl (emerald or aquamarine), clear crystal quartz, sardonyx, onyx, carnelian</li> |
<li>Biblical verses – </li> | <li>Biblical verses – </li> | ||
<li>Additional data – </li> | <li>Additional data – </li> | ||
| Line 87: | Line 88: | ||
<subcategory>12. יָשְׁפֵה | <subcategory>12. יָשְׁפֵה | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>Possible identifications – jasper, pearl, opal</li> |
<li>Biblical verses – </li> | <li>Biblical verses – </li> | ||
<li>Additional data – </li> | <li>Additional data – </li> | ||
Version as of 02:53, 29 September 2019
Stones of the Choshen
Overview
The twelve stones of the choshen are named in Shemot 28:17-20. However, since the verses provide no other descriptive information, the identity of almost every stone is heavily debated. In trying to determine which gems are referred to, scholars look for descriptions in other verses in which the stones are mentioned, explore cognate languages for linguistic clues as to the stones' identity, and turn to identifications made by both the Aramaic and Greek translations of Torah. The various translations, however, are not in total agreement, and the identity of many of the Aramaic and Greek names are disputed. Bemidbar Rabbah provides further clues, as it lists the color of many of the stones. Given the many unknowns, it is not surprising that multiple possible identifications have been raised for almost every stone.
Possible Identifications
For pictures and discussion, see Olam HaMikra Shemot 28
1. אֹדֶם
- Possible Identifications – A red stone, perhaps carnelian or jasper.
- Biblical verses –
- Additional data –
2. פִּטְדָה
- Possible Identifications – olivine (peridot), yellow topaz.
- Biblical verses –
- Additional data –
3. בָרֶקֶת
- Possible identifications – carbuncle (perhaps a red garnet), a green stone such as emerald or malakhite, or a banded stone such as agate or onyx.
- Biblical verses –
- Additional data –
4. נֹפֶךְ
- Possible identifications – emerald (or other green stone), ruby or red garnet, turquoise.
- Biblical verses –
- Additional data –
5. סַפִּיר
- Possible identifications – sapphire, lapis lazuli
- Biblical verses –
- Additional data –
6. יָהֲלֹם
- Possible identifications – green quartz or jasper, clear crystal quartz, moonstone
- Biblical verses –
- Additional data –
7. לֶשֶׁם
- Possible identifications – amber, jacinth, turquoise
- Biblical verses –
- Additional data –
8. שְׁבוֹ
- Possible identifications – agate, turquoise, jet
- Biblical verses –
- Additional data –
9. אַחְלָמָה
- Possible identifications – sardonyx, amethyst, red jasper
- Biblical verses –
- Additional data –
10. תַּרְשִׁישׁ
- Possible identifications – yellow-gold topaz, amber, aquamarine,
- Biblical verses –
- Additional data –
11. שֹׁהַם
- Possible identifications – beryl (emerald or aquamarine), clear crystal quartz, sardonyx, onyx, carnelian
- Biblical verses –
- Additional data –
12. יָשְׁפֵה
- Possible identifications – jasper, pearl, opal
- Biblical verses –
- Additional data –
