Difference between revisions of "Religious Identity in Egypt/2"
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<p>Despite their idol worship, the people retained several distinctive fundamental values.</p> | <p>Despite their idol worship, the people retained several distinctive fundamental values.</p> | ||
<mekorot> | <mekorot> | ||
| − | R"E HaKappar in <multilink><a href="MekhiltaBo5" data-aht="source">Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael</a><a href="MekhiltaBo5" data-aht="source">Bo 5</a><a href="Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael" data-aht="parshan">About the Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael</a></multilink>, Bar Kappara in <multilink><a href="VayikraRabbah32" data-aht="source">Vayikra Rabbah</a><a href="VayikraRabbah32" data-aht="source">32:5</a><a href="Vayikra Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Vayikra Rabbah</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="PesiktaDRK11" data-aht="source">Pesikta DeRav Kahana</a><a href="PesiktaDRK11" data-aht="source">Beshalach 11</a><a href="Pesikta DeRav Kahana" data-aht="parshan">About Pesikta DeRav Kahana</a></multilink>, and | + | R"E HaKappar in <multilink><a href="MekhiltaBo5" data-aht="source">Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael</a><a href="MekhiltaBo5" data-aht="source">Bo 5</a><a href="Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael" data-aht="parshan">About the Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael</a></multilink>, Bar Kappara in <multilink><a href="VayikraRabbah32" data-aht="source">Vayikra Rabbah</a><a href="VayikraRabbah32" data-aht="source">32:5</a><a href="Vayikra Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Vayikra Rabbah</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="PesiktaDRK11" data-aht="source">Pesikta DeRav Kahana</a><a href="PesiktaDRK11" data-aht="source">Beshalach 11</a><a href="Pesikta DeRav Kahana" data-aht="parshan">About Pesikta DeRav Kahana</a></multilink>, and <multilink><a href="ShemotRabbah1-28" data-aht="source"><a href="ShemotRabbah1-28" data-aht="source">ShemotRabbah 1:28</a><a href="Shemot Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Shemot Rabbah</a></multilink>, Rabboteinu in <multilink><a href="TanchumaBalak16" data-aht="source">Tanchuma</a><a href="TanchumaBalak16" data-aht="source">Balak 16</a><a href="Tanchuma" data-aht="parshan">About the Tanchuma</a></multilink> and <multilink><a href="BemidbarRabbah20-22" data-aht="source">Bemidbar Rabbah</a><a href="BemidbarRabbah20-22" data-aht="source">20:22</a><a href="Bemidbar Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Bemidbar Rabbah</a></multilink>. |
</mekorot> | </mekorot> | ||
<point><b>Identifying traits</b> – These sources list four characteristics: sexual purity,<fn>Cf. Bavli Sotah 11b. For a discussion of the exception and how the Midrashim viewed the conduct of Shelomit bat Divri, see <a href="Moshe's Killing of the Egyptian" data-aht="page">Moshe's Killing of the Egyptian</a>.</fn> refraining from tale bearing,<fn>However, see the note below that <multilink><a href="BemidbarRabbah13-20" data-aht="source">Bemidbar Rabbah</a><a href="BemidbarRabbah13-20" data-aht="source">13:20</a><a href="Bemidbar Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Bemidbar Rabbah</a></multilink> omits this from its list of positive traits, and see <multilink><a href="TanchumaShemot10" data-aht="source">Tanchuma</a><a href="TanchumaShemot10" data-aht="source">Shemot 10</a><a href="Tanchuma" data-aht="parshan">About the Tanchuma</a></multilink> and <multilink><a href="ShemotRabbah1-30" data-aht="source">Shemot Rabbah</a><a href="ShemotRabbah1-30" data-aht="source">1:30</a><a href="Shemot Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Shemot Rabbah</a></multilink> (adapted by <multilink><a href="RashiShemot2-14" data-aht="source">Rashi</a><a href="RashiShemot2-14" data-aht="source">Shemot 2:14</a><a href="R. Shelomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki</a></multilink>) which explain that the sin of tale bearing is precisely what caused the Israelites to be enslaved (and almost not redeemed). For more, see <a href="Purposes of the Egyptian Bondage" data-aht="page">Purposes of the Egyptian Bondage</a>. See also <a href="Moshe's Killing of the Egyptian" data-aht="page">Moshe's Killing of the Egyptian</a> for R. Azariah Figo's position which severely criticizes the Israelites' behavior toward their compatriots.</fn> preserving Hebrew names,<fn>See Bemidbar Rabbah 13:8 which attributes this only to the tribes of Reuven, Shimon, and Levi.</fn> and retaining the Hebrew language. Other sources present variations in either number<fn>Bemidbar Rabbah 13:20 enumerates only the three traits of sexual chasteness, names and language, while Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 47 counts the three traits of language, avoiding gossip, and the oneness of God. However, see the notes of R. David Luria who suggests that the words ייחוד השם should be emended to ייחוס השם, similar to the other Midrashim. See also Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 41 that they possessed idols until Yam Suf.</fn> and/or in the identification of the distinctive traits themselves.<fn>Lekach Tov Shemot 6:5 counts language, clothing, no tale bearing, and circumcision, while Lekach Tov 26:5 lists clothing, food, and language. Distinctive clothing appears also in several medieval commentaries on the Haggadah s.v. "וַיְהִי שָׁם לְגוֹי" – see the commentary attributed to Rashbam, and those of R. Yehuda b. Yakar, Ritva, Orchot Chayyim, and Abarbanel. The inclusion of clothing (and omission of names) may be influenced by Zephanyah 1:8, the orthographic similarity between שמותם and שמלותם, and whether or not Jews and non–Jews had distinct names or garb in different societies and eras. See also R. Saul Lieberman's note in Sinai 4 pp. 227–228 regarding the influence of the Edict of Caracalla in 212 CE which required the Jews to take on Roman names.</fn></point> | <point><b>Identifying traits</b> – These sources list four characteristics: sexual purity,<fn>Cf. Bavli Sotah 11b. For a discussion of the exception and how the Midrashim viewed the conduct of Shelomit bat Divri, see <a href="Moshe's Killing of the Egyptian" data-aht="page">Moshe's Killing of the Egyptian</a>.</fn> refraining from tale bearing,<fn>However, see the note below that <multilink><a href="BemidbarRabbah13-20" data-aht="source">Bemidbar Rabbah</a><a href="BemidbarRabbah13-20" data-aht="source">13:20</a><a href="Bemidbar Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Bemidbar Rabbah</a></multilink> omits this from its list of positive traits, and see <multilink><a href="TanchumaShemot10" data-aht="source">Tanchuma</a><a href="TanchumaShemot10" data-aht="source">Shemot 10</a><a href="Tanchuma" data-aht="parshan">About the Tanchuma</a></multilink> and <multilink><a href="ShemotRabbah1-30" data-aht="source">Shemot Rabbah</a><a href="ShemotRabbah1-30" data-aht="source">1:30</a><a href="Shemot Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Shemot Rabbah</a></multilink> (adapted by <multilink><a href="RashiShemot2-14" data-aht="source">Rashi</a><a href="RashiShemot2-14" data-aht="source">Shemot 2:14</a><a href="R. Shelomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki</a></multilink>) which explain that the sin of tale bearing is precisely what caused the Israelites to be enslaved (and almost not redeemed). For more, see <a href="Purposes of the Egyptian Bondage" data-aht="page">Purposes of the Egyptian Bondage</a>. See also <a href="Moshe's Killing of the Egyptian" data-aht="page">Moshe's Killing of the Egyptian</a> for R. Azariah Figo's position which severely criticizes the Israelites' behavior toward their compatriots.</fn> preserving Hebrew names,<fn>See Bemidbar Rabbah 13:8 which attributes this only to the tribes of Reuven, Shimon, and Levi.</fn> and retaining the Hebrew language. Other sources present variations in either number<fn>Bemidbar Rabbah 13:20 enumerates only the three traits of sexual chasteness, names and language, while Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 47 counts the three traits of language, avoiding gossip, and the oneness of God. However, see the notes of R. David Luria who suggests that the words ייחוד השם should be emended to ייחוס השם, similar to the other Midrashim. See also Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 41 that they possessed idols until Yam Suf.</fn> and/or in the identification of the distinctive traits themselves.<fn>Lekach Tov Shemot 6:5 counts language, clothing, no tale bearing, and circumcision, while Lekach Tov 26:5 lists clothing, food, and language. Distinctive clothing appears also in several medieval commentaries on the Haggadah s.v. "וַיְהִי שָׁם לְגוֹי" – see the commentary attributed to Rashbam, and those of R. Yehuda b. Yakar, Ritva, Orchot Chayyim, and Abarbanel. The inclusion of clothing (and omission of names) may be influenced by Zephanyah 1:8, the orthographic similarity between שמותם and שמלותם, and whether or not Jews and non–Jews had distinct names or garb in different societies and eras. See also R. Saul Lieberman's note in Sinai 4 pp. 227–228 regarding the influence of the Edict of Caracalla in 212 CE which required the Jews to take on Roman names.</fn></point> | ||
Version as of 22:16, 19 November 2020
Fatal 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 35 and multilink
35: R"E HaKappar in <multilink><a href="MekhiltaBo5" data-aht="source">Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael</a><a href="MekhiltaBo5" data-aht="source">Bo 5</a><a href="Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael" data-aht="parshan">About the Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael</a></multilink>, Bar Kappara in <multilink><a href="VayikraRabbah32" data-aht="source">Vayikra Rabbah</a><a href="VayikraRabbah32" data-aht="source">32:5</a><a href="Vayikra Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Vayikra Rabbah</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="PesiktaDRK11" data-aht="source">Pesikta DeRav Kahana</a><a href="PesiktaDRK11" data-aht="source">Beshalach 11</a><a href="Pesikta DeRav Kahana" data-aht="parshan">About Pesikta DeRav Kahana</a></multilink>, and <multilink><a href="ShemotRabbah1-28" data-aht="source"><a href="ShemotRabbah1-28" data-aht="source">ShemotRabbah 1:28</a><a href="Shemot Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Shemot Rabbah</a></multilink>, Rabboteinu in <multilink><a href="TanchumaBalak16" data-aht="source">Tanchuma</a><a href="TanchumaBalak16" data-aht="source">Balak 16</a><a href="Tanchuma" data-aht="parshan">About the Tanchuma</a></multilink> and <multilink><a href="BemidbarRabbah20-22" data-aht="source">Bemidbar Rabbah</a><a href="BemidbarRabbah20-22" data-aht="source">20:22</a><a href="Bemidbar Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Bemidbar Rabbah</a></multilink>.
35: R"E HaKappar in <multilink><a href="MekhiltaBo5" data-aht="source">Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael</a><a href="MekhiltaBo5" data-aht="source">Bo 5</a><a href="Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael" data-aht="parshan">About the Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael</a></multilink>, Bar Kappara in <multilink><a href="VayikraRabbah32" data-aht="source">Vayikra Rabbah</a><a href="VayikraRabbah32" data-aht="source">32:5</a><a href="Vayikra Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Vayikra Rabbah</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="PesiktaDRK11" data-aht="source">Pesikta DeRav Kahana</a><a href="PesiktaDRK11" data-aht="source">Beshalach 11</a><a href="Pesikta DeRav Kahana" data-aht="parshan">About Pesikta DeRav Kahana</a></multilink>, and <multilink><a href="ShemotRabbah1-28" data-aht="source"><a href="ShemotRabbah1-28" data-aht="source">ShemotRabbah 1:28</a><a href="Shemot Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Shemot Rabbah</a></multilink>, Rabboteinu in <multilink><a href="TanchumaBalak16" data-aht="source">Tanchuma</a><a href="TanchumaBalak16" data-aht="source">Balak 16</a><a href="Tanchuma" data-aht="parshan">About the Tanchuma</a></multilink> and <multilink><a href="BemidbarRabbah20-22" data-aht="source">Bemidbar Rabbah</a><a href="BemidbarRabbah20-22" data-aht="source">20:22</a><a href="Bemidbar Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Bemidbar Rabbah</a></multilink>.