Difference between revisions of "Repentance Rejected/2"
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<mekorot><multilink><a href="RambanVayikra26-41" data-aht="source">Ramban</a><a href="RambanVayikra26-16" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:16</a><a href="RambanVayikra26-41" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:41</a><a href="RambanDevarim31-17" data-aht="source">Devarim 31:17</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Nachman (Ramban, Nachmanides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe b. Nachman</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="AkeidatYitzchakVayikra70" data-aht="source">Akeidat Yitzchak</a><a href="AkeidatYitzchakVayikra70" data-aht="source">Vayikra #70</a><a href="R. Yitzchak Arama (Akeidat Yitzchak)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yitzchak Arama</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="AbarbanelVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Abarbanel</a><a href="AbarbanelVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40-41</a><a href="AbarbanelDevarim4-29-31" data-aht="source">Devarim 4:29-31</a><a href="AbarbanelDevarim31-17-18" data-aht="source">Devarim 31:17-18</a><a href="R. Yitzchak Abarbanel" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yitzchak Abarbanel</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="TzerorHaMorDevarim31" data-aht="source">R. Avraham Saba</a><a href="TzerorHaMorDevarim31" data-aht="source">Tzeror HaMor Devarim 31</a><a href="R. Avraham Saba (Tzeror HaMor)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham Saba (Tzeror HaMor)</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="SefornoVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Seforno</a><a href="SefornoVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40-41</a><a href="SefornoDevarim31-17-18" data-aht="source">Devarim 31:17-18</a><a href="R. Ovadyah Seforno" data-aht="parshan">About R. Ovadyah Seforno</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="BiurVayikra26-40" data-aht="source">Biur</a><a href="BiurVayikra26-40" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40</a><a href="Biur (Netivot HaShalom)" data-aht="parshan">About the Biur (Netivot HaShalom)</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="ShadalDevarim31-17" data-aht="source">Shadal</a><a href="ShadalDevarim31-17" data-aht="source">Devarim 31:17</a><a href="R. Shemuel David Luzzatto (Shadal)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shemuel David Luzzatto</a></multilink>, ?Netziv, <multilink><a href="RDZHoffmannVayikra26-40-42" data-aht="source">R. D"Z Hoffmann</a><a href="RDZHoffmannVayikra26-40-42" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40-42</a><a href="RDZHoffmannDevarim4-30" data-aht="source">Devarim 4:30</a><a href="R. David Zvi Hoffmann" data-aht="parshan">About R. David Zvi Hoffmann</a></multilink></mekorot> | <mekorot><multilink><a href="RambanVayikra26-41" data-aht="source">Ramban</a><a href="RambanVayikra26-16" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:16</a><a href="RambanVayikra26-41" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:41</a><a href="RambanDevarim31-17" data-aht="source">Devarim 31:17</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Nachman (Ramban, Nachmanides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe b. Nachman</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="AkeidatYitzchakVayikra70" data-aht="source">Akeidat Yitzchak</a><a href="AkeidatYitzchakVayikra70" data-aht="source">Vayikra #70</a><a href="R. Yitzchak Arama (Akeidat Yitzchak)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yitzchak Arama</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="AbarbanelVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Abarbanel</a><a href="AbarbanelVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40-41</a><a href="AbarbanelDevarim4-29-31" data-aht="source">Devarim 4:29-31</a><a href="AbarbanelDevarim31-17-18" data-aht="source">Devarim 31:17-18</a><a href="R. Yitzchak Abarbanel" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yitzchak Abarbanel</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="TzerorHaMorDevarim31" data-aht="source">R. Avraham Saba</a><a href="TzerorHaMorDevarim31" data-aht="source">Tzeror HaMor Devarim 31</a><a href="R. Avraham Saba (Tzeror HaMor)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham Saba (Tzeror HaMor)</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="SefornoVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Seforno</a><a href="SefornoVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40-41</a><a href="SefornoDevarim31-17-18" data-aht="source">Devarim 31:17-18</a><a href="R. Ovadyah Seforno" data-aht="parshan">About R. Ovadyah Seforno</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="BiurVayikra26-40" data-aht="source">Biur</a><a href="BiurVayikra26-40" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40</a><a href="Biur (Netivot HaShalom)" data-aht="parshan">About the Biur (Netivot HaShalom)</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="ShadalDevarim31-17" data-aht="source">Shadal</a><a href="ShadalDevarim31-17" data-aht="source">Devarim 31:17</a><a href="R. Shemuel David Luzzatto (Shadal)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shemuel David Luzzatto</a></multilink>, ?Netziv, <multilink><a href="RDZHoffmannVayikra26-40-42" data-aht="source">R. D"Z Hoffmann</a><a href="RDZHoffmannVayikra26-40-42" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40-42</a><a href="RDZHoffmannDevarim4-30" data-aht="source">Devarim 4:30</a><a href="R. David Zvi Hoffmann" data-aht="parshan">About R. David Zvi Hoffmann</a></multilink></mekorot> | ||
<point><b>"וְהִתְוַדּוּ אֶת עֲוֺנָם"</b><ul> | <point><b>"וְהִתְוַדּוּ אֶת עֲוֺנָם"</b><ul> | ||
| − | <li><b>Words without actions </b>– According to Ramban, Akeidat Yitzchak, and Abarbanel the confession was not a complete return to | + | <li><b>Words without actions </b>– According to Ramban, Akeidat Yitzchak, and Abarbanel the confession was not a complete return to Hashem.  Though the people recognized and admitted to their sins, this was not accompanied by a change of ways.</li> |
| − | <li><b>Only leaders confess</b> – Abarbanel and Seforno suggest that only</li> | + | <li><b>Only leaders confess</b> – Abarbanel and Seforno suggest that only the leaders of the generation such as Daniel, Ezra and Nechemiah confessed but the laypeople did not.<fn>Ramban does not say this explicitly but in his singling out of Daniel, Ezra and Nechemiah as those who confessed it would seem that he too agrees with this point.</fn></li> |
| + | <li><b>Command form</b> – According to the Biur and R.D"Z Hoffmann the word "וְהִתְוַדּוּ" does not mean "and they will confess" but rather "and they shall confess".<fn>N. Wessely pointsout that had thsi been a description of the people's repentance the verse would have read "יתודו".  R. D"Z Hoffmann further supposrt the fact that "" is a command form by pointing to the same form of the word in Bemidbar 5:7.</fn>  As such, it is not a description of what the nation will do but rather Hashem's command of what they should do and thus says nothing about their actual repentance.</li> | ||
</ul></point> | </ul></point> | ||
<point><b>"וְאָמַר... הֲלֹא עַל כִּי אֵין אֱלֹהַי בְּקִרְבִּי מְצָאוּנִי הָרָעוֹת "</b></point> | <point><b>"וְאָמַר... הֲלֹא עַל כִּי אֵין אֱלֹהַי בְּקִרְבִּי מְצָאוּנִי הָרָעוֹת "</b></point> | ||
| Line 23: | Line 24: | ||
<category name="">No Punishment | <category name="">No Punishment | ||
<p>The verses which speak of Hashem's punishment are reinterpreted so that the text contains no reference to punishing the nation after their repenting.</p> | <p>The verses which speak of Hashem's punishment are reinterpreted so that the text contains no reference to punishing the nation after their repenting.</p> | ||
| − | <mekorot><multilink><a href=" | + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="SifraVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Sifra Vayikra</a><a href="SifraVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">26:40-41</a><a href="Sifra Vayikra" data-aht="parshan">About the Sifra Vayikra</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="LekachTovVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Lekach Tov</a><a href="LekachTovVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40-41</a><a href="R. Toviah b. Eliezer (Lekach Tov)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Toviah b. Eliezer</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="IbnEzraVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Ibn Ezra</a><a href="IbnEzraVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40-41</a><a href="R. Avraham ibn Ezra" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham ibn Ezra</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RalbagVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Ralbag</a><a href="RalbagVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40-41</a><a href="R. Levi b. Gershom (Ralbag, Gersonides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Levi b. Gershom</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="TzerorHaMorDevarim31" data-aht="source">R. Avraham Saba</a><a href="TzerorHaMorDevarim31" data-aht="source">Tzeror HaMor Devarim 31</a><a href="R. Avraham Saba (Tzeror HaMor)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham Saba (Tzeror HaMor)</a></multilink>, ?Biur? HaKetav VeHakabbalah, <multilink><a href="NetzivVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Netziv</a><a href="NetzivVayikra26-40-41" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40-41</a><a href="R. Naftali Tzvi Yehuda Berlin (Netziv)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Naftali Tzvi Yehuda Berlin</a></multilink>, ?<multilink><a href="RDZHoffmannVayikra26-40-42" data-aht="source">R. D"Z Hoffmann</a><a href="RDZHoffmannVayikra26-40-42" data-aht="source">Vayikra 26:40-42</a><a href="R. David Zvi Hoffmann" data-aht="parshan">About R. David Zvi Hoffmann</a></multilink>,</mekorot> |
</category> | </category> | ||
<category name="">Punishment Despite Repentance | <category name="">Punishment Despite Repentance | ||
Version as of 23:21, 13 May 2015
Hashem's Response to Teshuvah
Exegetical Approaches
Repentance is Lacking
Though an initial read of the verses suggests that the nation repented, in reality their repentance was either incomplete or lacking altogether. As such, they needed further punishment.
Sources:Ramban, Akeidat Yitzchak, Abarbanel, R. Avraham Saba, Seforno, Biur, Shadal, ?Netziv, R. D"Z Hoffmann
"וְהִתְוַדּוּ אֶת עֲוֺנָם"
- Words without actions – According to Ramban, Akeidat Yitzchak, and Abarbanel the confession was not a complete return to Hashem. Though the people recognized and admitted to their sins, this was not accompanied by a change of ways.
- Only leaders confess – Abarbanel and Seforno suggest that only the leaders of the generation such as Daniel, Ezra and Nechemiah confessed but the laypeople did not.1
- Command form – According to the Biur and R.D"Z Hoffmann the word "וְהִתְוַדּוּ" does not mean "and they will confess" but rather "and they shall confess".2 As such, it is not a description of what the nation will do but rather Hashem's command of what they should do and thus says nothing about their actual repentance.
"וְאָמַר... הֲלֹא עַל כִּי אֵין אֱלֹהַי בְּקִרְבִּי מְצָאוּנִי הָרָעוֹת "
"אֲנִי אֵלֵךְ עִמָּם בְּקֶרִי וְהֵבֵאתִי אֹתָם בְּאֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיהֶם"
"וְאָנֹכִי הַסְתֵּר אַסְתִּיר פָּנַי"
"אָז יִכָּנַע לְבָבָם הֶעָרֵל וְאָז יִרְצוּ אֶת עֲוֺנָם"
Power of repentance
When did this happen?
Relationship between rebukes of Vayikra and Devarim
No Punishment
The verses which speak of Hashem's punishment are reinterpreted so that the text contains no reference to punishing the nation after their repenting.
Sources:Sifra Vayikra, Lekach Tov, Ibn Ezra, Ralbag, R. Avraham Saba, ?Biur? HaKetav VeHakabbalah, Netziv, ?R. D"Z Hoffmann,
Punishment Despite Repentance
Although the nation will indeed repent, Hashem will continue to punish them for their original sins.
