Reward and Punishment

Exegetical Approaches

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Individuals are compensated for their actions both in this world and the next world.

Individuals receive their just desserts only in the next world. The rewards of this world are meted out only to the collective.

Hashem's modes of providence have changed over time. Immediate reward and punishment extended only through the period of the First Temple.

The blessings promised in the Torah should be viewed as enablers or natural consequences rather than rewards.