Shabbat Table Topics – Parashat Vayakhel/0/en

Shabbat Table Topics – Parashat Vayakhel

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Change of Plans

Was sacrificial worship in the Tabernacle always part of Hashem's plans?

• SfornoMaamar Kavvanot HaTorah 6:13About R. Ovadyah Sforno and Hoil MosheShemot 20:20About R. Moshe Yitzchak Ashkenazi suggest that though Hashem had always wanted a sacrificial service, he had not wanted to limit it to any individual group or place, preferring to be worshiped via private altars rather than in a centralized Tabernacle.  Only after the Sin of the Golden Calf did He decide that the nation was not capable of such worship and instead needed limitations and safeguards. 
• AbarbanelYirmeyahu 7About R. Yitzchak Abarbanel, in contrast, suggests that Hashem's original plan included a Tabernacle as a vehicle through which the nation would feel Hashem's presence, but not sacrifices. After the Sin of the Golden Calf, however, Hashem added a sacrificial component to facilitate the atonement process.

Is it possible that Hashem changed His mind, or that a Torah commandment was relevant only for a particular era?¹  What textual difficulties might such a suggestion resolve?² What theological difficulties does it raise?  See Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood and Purpose of the Mishkan.

Does Hashem Need a House?

As God has no need for shelter, light, bread, or meat, why did He command the Children of Israel to construct the Tabernacle and its accompanying vessels? See Purpose of the Mishkan.

• According to RambanShemot 25 IntroductionAbout R. Moshe b. Nachman, the Mishkan served to house Hashem's presence and facilitated the continuation of the Divine revelation which began at Mt. Sinai. Does this imply that God can be contained in a physical structure? What does it suggest about the concept of "sacred space"; are certain locations holier than others? Finally, how would having Hashem literally in one's midst affect one's relationship with Him?
• ShadalShemot 25:1About R. Shemuel David Luzzatto suggests that the Tabernacle enhanced man's relationship with not only Hashem but also with his fellow man. By providing a centralized location for all to gather in their worship of Hashem, the Mishkan served to unify the nation. What are other benefits of centralization? What are some of the downsides?

Of Tables, Bread, and Covenants

We often look for symbolic meaning in rituals or religious objects. What symbolism might lie behind the ark, table, candelabrum, and incense altar?

• AbarbanelShemot 25About R. Yitzchak Abarbanel proposes that the ark symbolizes the Torah, while the other vessels represent the physical (table), intellectual (menorah) and spiritual (incense altar) rewards granted to those who observe the Torah's commandments. Do you find his suggestion compelling? Why or why not? See Purpose of the Shulchan and Lechem HaPanim

What role does eating play in religious life? How many rites or commandments mandate partaking of food?

• In the time of Tanakh, meals were often connected to signing covenantal agreements,³ serving the same function as a handshake might today. In light of this, R. Hovav Yechieli⁴ suggests that the Lechem HaPanim constituted a covenant sealing meal which continuously renewed the Covenant of Sinai.  What textual or conceptual support can you bring for this reading? See Purpose of the Shulchan.

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For more, see: Parashat Vayakhel Topics.

¹ Can you think of other cases in which an intervening event might have led to a change in Hashem's original plan? See Rashbam on The Decalogue: Direct From Hashem or Via Moshe. What other commandments might be understood to pertain to just one era? For two examples, see Hoil Moshe on"עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן" – An Eye for an Eye and Rambam on Purpose of the Sacrifices.

² The Hoil Moshe uses his explanation to account for the discrepancy in the laws regarding the altar in Shemot 20 and Shemot 27.

³ See Treaties in Tanakh and the Ancient Near East.

⁴ See R. Hovav Yechieli, "תערך לפני שלחן – השולחן ולחם הפנים", Megadim 44 (5766): 33-49.