Shabbat Table Topics – Parashat Vayigash/0/he

נושאים לשולחן שבת – פרשת ויגש

Economic Anti-Semitism

Throughout history, Jewish economic success has sparked anti-Semitism. Jews have been blamed for the ills of capitalism, stereotyped as greedy moneylenders, and accused of attempting to take over the world. The phenomenon may have its roots in Biblical times, and its first manifestation may be in Parashat Vayigash.¹

הרבה חוקרים מודרניים,² צועדים בעקבות ר׳ יוסף בכור שורשמות א׳:י״אאודות ר' יוסף בכור שור, ומציעים שהמדיניות הכלכלית של יוסף during the famine years, coupled with his simultaneous nepotism towards his family, caused enduring resentment which later paved the way for the Israelite bondage.  Others would argue that this interpretation is an anachronistic attempt to impose modern trends upon Biblical stories, and that Yosef's policies were both necessary and appreciated by the Egyptian population.

• What textual factors support each reading of the story?
• What are the root causes of economic anti-Semitism?  How does it compare to religious anti-Semitism?  What role (if any) did each play in the enslavement?
• In what circumstances do you think that nepotism is a valid practice, and when is it problematic?  Where else in Tanakh do leaders give preferential treatment to their families?  Do these other cases also have negative results?

What If?

Yosef's framing of Binyamin ends on a happy note of family reconciliation. Was this, though, what Yosef had hoped and planned from the beginning, or, was he caught by surprise by Yehuda's unanticipated intervention?  What would have been Yosef's next move had Yehuda not made his impassioned plea?  If Binyamin alone had remained with Yosef in Egypt, would the course of history have been completely different?  ראו התנהגות יוסף כלפי משפחתו.

למה השתקעו במצרים?

Yaakov's family's descent to Egypt marks the beginning of Israel's first exile.  But was that Yaakov's intent?

• When Yaakov's family moved to Egypt, how long did they intend to stay?  Why did they not return to Israel as soon as the famine ended?  [להצעה אחת, עיינו בגישה השלישית בהמדיניות הכלכלית של יוסף].
• Already in the Covenant between the Pieces, Hashem tells Avraham of the future exile.  Does this mean that Hashem actively intervened to guide the Israelites into Egypt,³ or was the exile merely a natural result of human choices which did not involve any special heavenly input?  Was Yaakov's family even aware of the prophecy and, if so, did they view themselves as fulfilling a Divine decree?  להרחבה, ראו תוכניות ה' ובחירה חופשית של בני ישראל.
• Why was the exile in Egypt a necessary part of Jewish history?  What did it accomplish?  Are the purposes of the exile and bondage identical, or might each have its own goals?  ראו מטרות שעבוד מצרים.

האם יהודה איים על יוסף?

מדרש תנחומאויגש ה׳אודות התנחומא recasts Yehuda's plea for Binyamin into an overtly hostile and aggressive dispute in which Yehuda and Yosef each accuse the other of wrongdoing and duplicity, and finally threaten each other with violence.  Is there any basis for such a reading in the text?  If not, where is the Midrash coming from, and what message is it trying to impart?  ראו נאומו של יהודה.

• In general, how should one understand Midrashim that seem to veer sharply from the plain sense of the verses?
• במקרה זה, פרופ' נחמה ליבוביץ מציעה שתנחומא is really having Yehuda argue not with Yosef, but with his own conscience  Others propose that it is serving to foreshadow the future enmity between the two tribes of Yehuda and Yosef and their centuries long power struggle.  Can you think of other Midrashim which might similarly be read as either an internal monologue or as portents of the future?

שטעטל או גטו?

What led to the decision to live in Goshen?  לפי נצי״בבראשית מ״ו:ל״דאודות ר' נפתלי צבי יהודה ברלין, Yaakov's family attempted to isolate themselves so as to prevent assimilation and preserve their national identity.  רלב״גבראשית ביאור המילות מ״ו:ל״דאודות ר' לוי בן גרשום, on the other hand, suggests that fear of hostility from the Egyptians ש"תיעבו רועי צאן" is what prompted the segregation.  רש״יבראשית מ״ו:ל״דאודות ר' שלמה יצחקי offers an additional possibility, implying that the decision was economically motivated, with Yosef simply wanting to provide good pasture lands for his family.  לעוד, ראו למה לגור בארץ גושן? ואיפה במצרים גרו היהודים?

• What support can you find in the text for each approach?
• What should be the balance between integration into foreign society and segregation from negative cultural influences?⁴
• Does integration provoke anti-Semitism or prevent it?

עוד...

לעוד נושאים בפרשה, ראו: רשימת נושאים – פרשת ויגש.

¹ דוגמא קודמת אולי ניתן למצוא בבראשית כ"ו, כאשר הצלחת יצחק בחפירת הבארות גרם לקנאת שכניו הפלשתים.

² ראו א' סימון, "יוסף משעבד את המצרים לפרעה" בבקש שלום ורדפהו, (תל אביב, תשס"ב): 90-86, ת' גרנות, "מנהיגותו של יוסף במצרים", וד' סבתו, "ותהי הארץ לפרעה – שורשו של שעבוד מצרים", מגדים נ"ב (תשע"א): 59-41.

³ ראו גם דברי יוסף אל אחיו בבראשית מ"ה:ח': "וְעַתָּה לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי הֵנָּה כִּי הָאֱלֹהִים וַיְשִׂימֵנִי לְאָב לְפַרְעֹה וּלְאָדוֹן לְכָל בֵּיתוֹ וּמֹשֵׁל בְּכָל אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם."

⁴ מה הדעה הנרמזת בתורה?  מה משתמע מסיפור רשב"י במערה (בבלי שבתשבת ל״ג:-ל״ד.אודות הבבלי)?  למה דווקא נצי"ב הוא הפרשן המתעקש לטעון שהמשפחה רצתה למנוע התבוללות?