Shabbat Table Topics – Parashat Yitro/0/he
נושאים לשולחן שבת – פרשת יתרו
מנהיגותו של משה
בשמות י"ח, רלב"ג ואברבנאל debate the issue of Moshe's leadership skills: Ralbag writes that one of the purposes of our chapter is:
להודיע עוצם שקידת משה בדבקות ה׳ יתעלה, עד שמרוב שקידתו בזה היה שוגה בשאר הדברים. ולזה סיפר כי משה, עם הפלגת חכמתו, לא הפנה לבו להתישב בענין שופטו את העם איך יִשְׁלַם זה באופן יותר נאות לו ולעם, עד שהיישירוֹ אל זה יתרו חותנו.
אברבנאל משיב:
וכבר רבים דברו על זה מאד כנגד אדון הנביאים שהיה חסר בהנהגה המדינית, ומהם אמרו שמפני התבודדותו בנבואה היה בלתי מרגיש בחכמת המדות. והוא שקר, כי שלמות מדותיו יורו על חכמתו בהם. והש"י איך לא למדו דעת ותבונה קלה כזאת?
With whom do you agree? Set up a debate at your Shabbat table, drawing on material from both Shemot 18 and other stories in Tanakh which relate to Moshe's leadership qualities. להרחבה, ראו האם משה היה זקוק לעצת יתרו?.
חיי משפחה של משה
Leadership responsibilities often exact a heavy price, not just from the leader, but also from his/her spouse and children.
- Was Moshe justified in sending Zipporah and their children back to Midyan? Should he have sent for them immediately after the Exodus? ראו מתי חזרה צפורה למדין?.
- Did Moshe divorce Zipporah? רשו "אחר שילוחיה" – מי שלח מה למי?.
- Were Zipporah and Moshe's sons present for the revelation at Sinai? ראו כרונולוגיה – שמות י"ח.
Interfaith Encounters
לפי ר' דוד צבי הופמן ומ"ד קאסוטו, Yitro visited Moshe on a diplomatic mission, without any intention of converting. [For other readings of the incident, ראו ביקורו של יתרו – מטרתו ומשמעותו.]
- What does this encounter teach about interactions with those of other faiths?
- How does one show respect to the other side without compromising one's own beliefs?
For other stories where Jews and Gentiles engage in friendly dialogue, ראו מפגשים עם מנהיגים נוכריים.
To Delegate or Not to Delegate
- When in a leadership position with many different tasks to accomplish, how does one decide which of those responsibilities delegate? When is it preferable to assume those responsibilities by one's self?
- Why might Moshe have been reluctant to delegate some of his responsibilities? ראו האם משה היה זקוק לעצת יתרו?.
- Which of Moshe's tasks does Yitro suggest he assign to others? Which does he suggest that Moshe retain for himself and why? ראו תפקידי משה ועצת יתרו.
Moshe and Intermarriage
לפי רוב המפרשים, "יתרו כהן מדין" היה חותנו של משה.1 Is it possible that Moshe married the daughter of an idolatrous priest?! Several questions merit consideration:
- Was Yitro an idolater when Moshe arrived in Midyan? What about Zipporah? ראו זהותו הדתית של יתרו וכהן.
- Was there a prohibition against intermarriage before receiving the Torah or only afterwards? ראו Intermarriage.
- What were Moshe's own religious beliefs when he arrived in Midyan? If he grew up in Paroh's palace, to what extent did he know about and identify with the Children of Israel? ראו Moshe's Upbringing.
Judicial Qualities
- What are the qualifications required to become a judge in your area of residence? How is Yitro's list of traits similar or different? How might one understand the differences? What do they suggest about the Torah's values and its view of judges? Was Moshe able to find people with all of these qualities? ראו עצת יתרו וביצועה.
- Compare the appointment of judges in our story with the discussion of the appointment of R. Elazar B. Azariah לנשיא בבבלי ברכות כ"ז:. What traits do the Rabbis laud in R. Elazar b. Azariah? How do those compare with the traits listed in our chapter? How do the jobs of a judge and ונשיא compare? Why does each require the traits that it does? Why might wealth (ראו אנשי חיל) be the one trait that makes it to both lists?
Divine Civil Law
One of the hallmarks of the Torah is that it incorporates both cultic and civil legislation. Not only are religious observances ordained by Hashem; secular law is as well. Was this always the plan? The עקדת יצחק suggests that until Yitro's advice, Moshe did not realize that Hashem was planning on bequeathing a Divine code of civil law, and that Yitro was the first to conceive of this concept and recognize its desirability. להרחבה, או האם משה נצרך לעצת יתרו?.
- Is it possible that Yitro thought of this idea while Moshe himself had not? Why might such an idea have eluded Moshe?
- What are the advantages of a Divine code of civil law? How does it compare to a system which has a separation of church and state?
עוד...
לעוד נושאים בפרשה, ראו: רשימת נושאים – פרשת יתרו.
