Difference between revisions of "The Decalogue – Division and Design/2"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
This topic has not yet undergone editorial review
m |
m |
||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
<category>Traditional Ten | <category>Traditional Ten | ||
| + | <p>The statement "I am Hashem your God..." comprises its own independent utterance. As such, there is no need to split any of the others.</p> | ||
<mekorot><multilink><a href="MekhiltaDeRabbiYishmaelShemot20-12" data-aht="source">Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Shemot</a><a href="MekhiltaDeRabbiYishmaelShemot20-12" data-aht="source">20:12</a><a href="Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Shemot" data-aht="parshan">About Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Shemot</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="YerushalmiBerakhot1-5" data-aht="source">Yerushalmi</a><a href="YerushalmiBerakhot1-5" data-aht="source">Berakhot 1:5</a><a href="Talmud Yerushalmi" data-aht="parshan">About the Yerushalmi</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="BavliMakkot23b-24a" data-aht="source">Bavli Makkot</a><a href="BavliMakkot23b-24a" data-aht="source">Makkot 23b-24a</a><a href="Talmud Bavli" data-aht="parshan">About the Bavli</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="VayikraRabbah24-5" data-aht="source">Vayikra Rabbah</a><a href="VayikraRabbah24-5" data-aht="source">24:5</a><a href="Vayikra Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Vayikra Rabbah</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="TanchumaKedoshim3" data-aht="source">Tanchuma</a><a href="TanchumaKedoshim3" data-aht="source">Kedoshim 3</a><a href="Tanchuma" data-aht="parshan">About the Tanchuma</a></multilink>,</mekorot> | <mekorot><multilink><a href="MekhiltaDeRabbiYishmaelShemot20-12" data-aht="source">Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Shemot</a><a href="MekhiltaDeRabbiYishmaelShemot20-12" data-aht="source">20:12</a><a href="Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Shemot" data-aht="parshan">About Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Shemot</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="YerushalmiBerakhot1-5" data-aht="source">Yerushalmi</a><a href="YerushalmiBerakhot1-5" data-aht="source">Berakhot 1:5</a><a href="Talmud Yerushalmi" data-aht="parshan">About the Yerushalmi</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="BavliMakkot23b-24a" data-aht="source">Bavli Makkot</a><a href="BavliMakkot23b-24a" data-aht="source">Makkot 23b-24a</a><a href="Talmud Bavli" data-aht="parshan">About the Bavli</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="VayikraRabbah24-5" data-aht="source">Vayikra Rabbah</a><a href="VayikraRabbah24-5" data-aht="source">24:5</a><a href="Vayikra Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Vayikra Rabbah</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="TanchumaKedoshim3" data-aht="source">Tanchuma</a><a href="TanchumaKedoshim3" data-aht="source">Kedoshim 3</a><a href="Tanchuma" data-aht="parshan">About the Tanchuma</a></multilink>,</mekorot> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
<category>Split "לא יהיה" | <category>Split "לא יהיה" | ||
| − | <p>The statement "I am Hashem your God" does not constitute an independent utterance.  The number ten is reached, instead, by dividing "לֹא יִהְיֶה... מִצְוֺתָי" into two.  This position disagrees regarding where to make split:</p> | + | <p>The statement "I am Hashem your God..." does not constitute an independent utterance.  The number ten is reached, instead, by dividing "לֹא יִהְיֶה... מִצְוֺתָי" into two.  This position disagrees regarding where to make split:</p> |
<opinion name="אנכי... על פני & לא תעשה"> | <opinion name="אנכי... על פני & לא תעשה"> | ||
"אנכי... על פני" and "לא תעשה" | "אנכי... על פני" and "לא תעשה" | ||
| − | <p>The first utterance consists of both the statement "I am | + | <p>The first utterance consists of both the statement "I am Hashem your God.." and "You shall have no other gods before me". The second utterance begins with "Do not make for yourselves an idol".</p> |
<mekorot>perhaps <multilink><a href="PhiloTheDecalogue50-5165" data-aht="source">Philo</a><a href="PhiloTheDecalogue50-5165" data-aht="source">The Decalogue 50-51, 65</a><a href="PhiloTheDecalogue" data-aht="source">The Decalogue</a><a href="Philo" data-aht="parshan">About Philo</a></multilink>,<fn>As Philo paraphrases the various utterances in his own language it is difficult to know for certain how he divides them.  Yet, since he speaks of the second utterance as referring "to images and statues, and in short to all erections of any kind made by hand" it is likely that he is referring to the statement "לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה לְךָ פֶסֶל". In addition, later in speaking of the first commandment, we writes, "to think that there is but one God, the most highest, and to honour him alone; and let not the polytheistical doctrine ever even touch the ears" combining both belief in God and the negation of other gods (both "אנוכי" and "לא יהיה").</fn> perhaps<multilink><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews35" data-aht="source"> Josephus</a><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews35" data-aht="source">3 5</a><a href="Josephus Antiquities of the Jews" data-aht="parshan">About Josephus Antiquities of the Jews</a></multilink>,<fn><p>Josephus is somewhat ambiguous but his statement that the second commandment is "not to make the image of any living creature to worship it", implies that he maintains that the second utterance begins with "לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה לְךָ פֶסֶל... לֹא תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לָהֶם". and not "".  Moreover, in explaining the first commandment of belief in God, he adds "and that we ought to worship him only" which is simply the positive formulation o fthe prohibition "לו יהיה לך אלהים אחרים".</p></fn> R. Yishmael <a href="SifreBemidbar15-31" data-aht="source">Sifre Bemidbar 15:31</a> and  <a href="BavliSanhedrin99a" data-aht="source">Bavli Sanhedrin 99a</a>, <multilink><a href="RShimonbTzemachDuran" data-aht="source">R. Shimon b. Tzemach Duran</a><a href="RShimonbTzemachDuran" data-aht="source">R. Shimon b. Tzemach Duran</a><a href="R. Shimon b. Tzemach Duran" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shimon b. Tzemach Duran</a></multilink>,</mekorot> | <mekorot>perhaps <multilink><a href="PhiloTheDecalogue50-5165" data-aht="source">Philo</a><a href="PhiloTheDecalogue50-5165" data-aht="source">The Decalogue 50-51, 65</a><a href="PhiloTheDecalogue" data-aht="source">The Decalogue</a><a href="Philo" data-aht="parshan">About Philo</a></multilink>,<fn>As Philo paraphrases the various utterances in his own language it is difficult to know for certain how he divides them.  Yet, since he speaks of the second utterance as referring "to images and statues, and in short to all erections of any kind made by hand" it is likely that he is referring to the statement "לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה לְךָ פֶסֶל". In addition, later in speaking of the first commandment, we writes, "to think that there is but one God, the most highest, and to honour him alone; and let not the polytheistical doctrine ever even touch the ears" combining both belief in God and the negation of other gods (both "אנוכי" and "לא יהיה").</fn> perhaps<multilink><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews35" data-aht="source"> Josephus</a><a href="JosephusAntiquitiesoftheJews35" data-aht="source">3 5</a><a href="Josephus Antiquities of the Jews" data-aht="parshan">About Josephus Antiquities of the Jews</a></multilink>,<fn><p>Josephus is somewhat ambiguous but his statement that the second commandment is "not to make the image of any living creature to worship it", implies that he maintains that the second utterance begins with "לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה לְךָ פֶסֶל... לֹא תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לָהֶם". and not "".  Moreover, in explaining the first commandment of belief in God, he adds "and that we ought to worship him only" which is simply the positive formulation o fthe prohibition "לו יהיה לך אלהים אחרים".</p></fn> R. Yishmael <a href="SifreBemidbar15-31" data-aht="source">Sifre Bemidbar 15:31</a> and  <a href="BavliSanhedrin99a" data-aht="source">Bavli Sanhedrin 99a</a>, <multilink><a href="RShimonbTzemachDuran" data-aht="source">R. Shimon b. Tzemach Duran</a><a href="RShimonbTzemachDuran" data-aht="source">R. Shimon b. Tzemach Duran</a><a href="R. Shimon b. Tzemach Duran" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shimon b. Tzemach Duran</a></multilink>,</mekorot> | ||
<point><b>"אָנֹכִי י״י אֱלֹהֶיךָ" – Command or proclamation?</b></point> | <point><b>"אָנֹכִי י״י אֱלֹהֶיךָ" – Command or proclamation?</b></point> | ||
| Line 34: | Line 35: | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
<category>Split "לא תחמוד" | <category>Split "לא תחמוד" | ||
| + | <p>The statement "I am Hashem your God" does not constitute an independent utterance. The number ten is reached instead by splitting "Do not covet" into two.</p> | ||
| + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="IbnEzraDevarim5-17" data-aht="source">Ibn Ezra</a><a href="IbnEzraDevarim5-17" data-aht="source">Devarim 5:17</a><a href="R. Avraham ibn Ezra" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham ibn Ezra</a></multilink><fn>This is his opinion as expressed in his commentary on Devarim.  In his<a href="IbnEzraShemotSecondCommentary20-1" data-aht="source"> Second Commentary to Shemot 20:1</a>, however, he argues against this reading.</fn></mekorot> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
</approaches> | </approaches> | ||
</page> | </page> | ||
</aht-xml> | </aht-xml> | ||
Version as of 05:38, 23 January 2019
The Decalogue – Division and Design
Exegetical Approaches
Traditional Ten
The statement "I am Hashem your God..." comprises its own independent utterance. As such, there is no need to split any of the others.
Split "לא יהיה"
The statement "I am Hashem your God..." does not constitute an independent utterance. The number ten is reached, instead, by dividing "לֹא יִהְיֶה... מִצְוֺתָי" into two. This position disagrees regarding where to make split:
"אנכי... על פני" and "לא תעשה"
The first utterance consists of both the statement "I am Hashem your God.." and "You shall have no other gods before me". The second utterance begins with "Do not make for yourselves an idol".
Sources:perhaps Philo,1 perhaps Josephus,2 R. Yishmael Sifre Bemidbar 15:31 and Bavli Sanhedrin 99a, R. Shimon b. Tzemach Duran,
"אָנֹכִי י״י אֱלֹהֶיךָ" – Command or proclamation?
Correspondence between Dibrot and Mitzvot
"לֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ " - What is included?
לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה לְךָ - what is included?
Depiction on tablets
"לא יהיה" and "לא תעשה"
The first utterance consists of only "You shall have no other gods before me", while the second statement begins "Do not make for yourselves an idol". 3
Sources:perhaps Baal Halakhot Gedolot, rejected opinion brought by Ibn Ezra
"לא יהיה" and "לא תשתחוה"
The first utterance includes both "You shall have no other gods" and “You shall not make for yourselves an idol", while the second utterance commands both "You shall not bow down" and "You shall not serve them".
Sources:Baal Halakhot Gedolot as understood by Ramban
