Difference between revisions of "The Suffering Servant in Yeshayahu 53/2/en"

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<h1>The Suffering Servant in Yeshayahu 53</h1>
 
<h1>The Suffering Servant in Yeshayahu 53</h1>
 
<div><b><center><span class="highlighted-notice">This topic has not yet undergone editorial review</span></center></b></div>
 
<div><b><center><span class="highlighted-notice">This topic has not yet undergone editorial review</span></center></b></div>
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<approaches>
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<category>The Nation of Israel
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<mekorot><multilink><a href="RashiYeshayahu52-13-14" data-aht="source">Rashi</a><a href="RashiYeshayahu52-13-14" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 52:13-14</a><a href="RashiYeshayahu53" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 53</a><a href="R. Shelomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki</a></multilink>,<fn>Rashi emphasizes that the servant refers to the righteous among the nation.</fn> <multilink><a href="IbnEzraYeshayahu52-13-14" data-aht="source">Ibn Ezra</a><a href="IbnEzraYeshayahu52-13-14" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 52:13-14</a><a href="IbnEzraYeshayahu53" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 53</a><a href="R. Avraham ibn Ezra" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham ibn Ezra</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RadakYeshayahu52-13-14" data-aht="source">Radak</a><a href="RadakYeshayahu52-13-14" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 52:13-14</a><a href="RadakYeshayahu53" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 53</a><a href="R. David Kimchi (Radak)" data-aht="parshan">About R. David Kimchi</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="MaaseiHashemMaaseiTorah40" data-aht="source">R. Eliezer Ashkenazi</a><a href="MaaseiHashemMaaseiTorah40" data-aht="source">Ma'asei Hashem, Ma'asei Torah 40</a><a href="R. Eliezer Ashkenazi (Ma'asei Hashem)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Eliezer Ashkenazi (Ma'asei Hashem)</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="ShadalYeshayahu42-1" data-aht="source">Shadal</a><a href="ShadalYeshayahu42-1" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 42:1</a><a href="ShadalYeshayahu49-137" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 49:1,3,7</a><a href="ShadalYeshayahu52-13-15" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 52:13-15</a><a href="ShadalYeshayahu53" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 53</a><a href="R. Shemuel David Luzzatto (Shadal)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shemuel David Luzzatto</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="HoilMosheYeshayahu42" data-aht="source">Hoil Moshe</a><a href="HoilMosheYeshayahu42" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 42</a><a href="HoilMosheYeshayahu49-1" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 49:1</a><a href="HoilMosheYeshayahu52-13-14" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 52:13-14</a><a href="HoilMosheYeshayahu53" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 53</a><a href="R. Moshe Yitzchak Ashkenazi (Hoil Moshe)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe Yitzchak Ashkenazi</a></multilink>,</mekorot>
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<point><b>"עַבְדִּי"</b> – Radak and Ramban cite other verses in Yeshayahu where he refers to Yisrael with the title of servant.<fn>Rashi notes that in many places Yeshayahu refers to Yisrael in singular form.</fn>&#160; For example, "&#8206;וְאַתָּה יִשְׂרָאֵל עַבְדִּי" &#8206;(41:8), "אַל תִּירָא עַבְדִּי יַעֲקֹב" &#8206;(44:2), and "עַבְדִּי אָתָּה יִשְׂרָאֵל" &#8206;(49:3).&#160; Ibn Ezra suggests that the verse is referencing every worshiper of Hashem.</point>
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<point><b>"חֳלָיֵנוּ הוּא נָשָׂא" – Vicarious punishment?</b></point>
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<point><b>"נִבְזֶה וַחֲדַל אִישִׁים" – When?</b></point>
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<point><b>"הִנֵּה יַשְׂכִּיל עַבְדִּי" – When?</b></point>
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<point><b>"כִּי נִגְזַר מֵאֶרֶץ חַיִּים"</b></point>
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<point><b>"וַיִּתֵּן אֶת רְשָׁעִים קִבְרוֹ"</b></point>
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</category>
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<category>Historical Figure
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<opinion>King
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<mekorot>Ibn Chiquitilla cited in <multilink><a href="RYehudaibnBalaamYeshayahu53-12" data-aht="source">R. Yehuda ibn Balaam</a><a href="RYehudaibnBalaamYeshayahu53-12" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 53:12</a><a href="R. Yehuda ibn Balaam" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yehuda ibn Balaam</a></multilink>,</mekorot>
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<point><b>"חֳלָיֵנוּ הוּא נָשָׂא" – Vicarious punishment?</b></point>
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<point><b>"נִבְזֶה וַחֲדַל אִישִׁים" – When?</b></point>
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<point><b>"הִנֵּה יַשְׂכִּיל עַבְדִּי" – When?</b></point>
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<point><b>"כִּי נִגְזַר מֵאֶרֶץ חַיִּים"</b></point>
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<point><b>"וַיִּתֵּן אֶת רְשָׁעִים קִבְרוֹ"</b></point>
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<point><b>"עַבְדִּי"</b></point>
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</opinion>
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<opinion>Prophet
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<mekorot>Opinion cited in <multilink><a href="RYehudaibnBalaamYeshayahu53-12" data-aht="source">R. Yehuda ibn Balaam</a><a href="RYehudaibnBalaamYeshayahu53-12" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 53:12</a><a href="R. Yehuda ibn Balaam" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yehuda ibn Balaam</a></multilink>, R. Saadia cited in <multilink><a href="IbnEzraYeshayahu52-13-14" data-aht="source">Ibn Ezra</a><a href="IbnEzraYeshayahu52-13-14" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 52:13-14</a><a href="IbnEzraYeshayahu53" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 53</a><a href="R. Avraham ibn Ezra" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham ibn Ezra</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="REliezerofBeaugencyYeshayahu52-13" data-aht="source">R. Eliezer of Beaugency</a><a href="REliezerofBeaugencyYeshayahu52-13" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 52:13</a><a href="REliezerofBeaugencyYeshayahu53-4-11" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 53:4-11</a><a href="R. Eliezer of Beaugency" data-aht="parshan">About R. Eliezer of Beaugency</a></multilink>,</mekorot>
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<point><b>"חֳלָיֵנוּ הוּא נָשָׂא" – Vicarious punishment?</b></point>
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<point><b>"נִבְזֶה וַחֲדַל אִישִׁים" – When?</b></point>
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<point><b>"הִנֵּה יַשְׂכִּיל עַבְדִּי" – When?</b></point>
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<point><b>"כִּי נִגְזַר מֵאֶרֶץ חַיִּים"</b></point>
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<point><b>"וַיִּתֵּן אֶת רְשָׁעִים קִבְרוֹ"</b></point>
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<point><b>"עַבְדִּי"</b></point>
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</opinion>
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</category>
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<category>Mashiach
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<mekorot><multilink><a href="TargumYonatanYeshayahu52-13-15" data-aht="source">Targum Yonatan</a><a href="TargumYonatanYeshayahu52-13-15" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 52:13-15</a><a href="TargumYonatanYeshayahu53" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 53</a><a href="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan" data-aht="parshan">About Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RambanYeshayahu52-13-14" data-aht="source">Ramban</a><a href="RambanYeshayahu52-13-14" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 52:13-14</a><a href="RambanYeshayahu53" data-aht="source">Yeshayahu 53</a><a href="RambanSeferHaVikuach25-28" data-aht="source">Sefer HaVikuach 25-28</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Nachman (Ramban, Nachmanides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe b. Nachman</a></multilink>,<fn>Ramban writes that the true explanation is that the suffering servant is Yisrael, and he only explains it about the Mashiach according to the Midrash which says so.</fn> ,</mekorot>
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<point><b>"חֳלָיֵנוּ הוּא נָשָׂא" – Vicarious punishment?</b></point>
 +
<point><b>"נִבְזֶה וַחֲדַל אִישִׁים" – When?</b></point>
 +
<point><b>"הִנֵּה יַשְׂכִּיל עַבְדִּי" – When?</b></point>
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<point><b>"כִּי נִגְזַר מֵאֶרֶץ חַיִּים"</b></point>
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<point><b>"וַיִּתֵּן אֶת רְשָׁעִים קִבְרוֹ"</b></point>
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<point><b>"עַבְדִּי"</b></point>
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</category>
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</approaches>
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</page>
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Version as of 01:31, 28 June 2018

The Suffering Servant in Yeshayahu 53

Exegetical Approaches

This topic has not yet undergone editorial review

The Nation of Israel

Sources:RashiYeshayahu 52:13-14Yeshayahu 53About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki,1 Ibn EzraYeshayahu 52:13-14Yeshayahu 53About R. Avraham ibn Ezra, RadakYeshayahu 52:13-14Yeshayahu 53About R. David Kimchi, R. Eliezer AshkenaziMa'asei Hashem, Ma'asei Torah 40About R. Eliezer Ashkenazi (Ma'asei Hashem), ShadalYeshayahu 42:1Yeshayahu 49:1,3,7Yeshayahu 52:13-15Yeshayahu 53About R. Shemuel David Luzzatto, Hoil MosheYeshayahu 42Yeshayahu 49:1Yeshayahu 52:13-14Yeshayahu 53About R. Moshe Yitzchak Ashkenazi,
"עַבְדִּי" – Radak and Ramban cite other verses in Yeshayahu where he refers to Yisrael with the title of servant.2  For example, "‎וְאַתָּה יִשְׂרָאֵל עַבְדִּי" ‎(41:8), "אַל תִּירָא עַבְדִּי יַעֲקֹב" ‎(44:2), and "עַבְדִּי אָתָּה יִשְׂרָאֵל" ‎(49:3).  Ibn Ezra suggests that the verse is referencing every worshiper of Hashem.
"חֳלָיֵנוּ הוּא נָשָׂא" – Vicarious punishment?
"נִבְזֶה וַחֲדַל אִישִׁים" – When?
"הִנֵּה יַשְׂכִּיל עַבְדִּי" – When?
"כִּי נִגְזַר מֵאֶרֶץ חַיִּים"
"וַיִּתֵּן אֶת רְשָׁעִים קִבְרוֹ"

Historical Figure

King

Sources:Ibn Chiquitilla cited in R. Yehuda ibn BalaamYeshayahu 53:12About R. Yehuda ibn Balaam,
"חֳלָיֵנוּ הוּא נָשָׂא" – Vicarious punishment?
"נִבְזֶה וַחֲדַל אִישִׁים" – When?
"הִנֵּה יַשְׂכִּיל עַבְדִּי" – When?
"כִּי נִגְזַר מֵאֶרֶץ חַיִּים"
"וַיִּתֵּן אֶת רְשָׁעִים קִבְרוֹ"
"עַבְדִּי"

Prophet

Sources:Opinion cited in R. Yehuda ibn BalaamYeshayahu 53:12About R. Yehuda ibn Balaam, R. Saadia cited in Ibn EzraYeshayahu 52:13-14Yeshayahu 53About R. Avraham ibn Ezra, R. Eliezer of BeaugencyYeshayahu 52:13Yeshayahu 53:4-11About R. Eliezer of Beaugency,
"חֳלָיֵנוּ הוּא נָשָׂא" – Vicarious punishment?
"נִבְזֶה וַחֲדַל אִישִׁים" – When?
"הִנֵּה יַשְׂכִּיל עַבְדִּי" – When?
"כִּי נִגְזַר מֵאֶרֶץ חַיִּים"
"וַיִּתֵּן אֶת רְשָׁעִים קִבְרוֹ"
"עַבְדִּי"

Mashiach

Sources:Targum YonatanYeshayahu 52:13-15Yeshayahu 53About Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, RambanYeshayahu 52:13-14Yeshayahu 53Sefer HaVikuach 25-28About R. Moshe b. Nachman,3 ,
"חֳלָיֵנוּ הוּא נָשָׂא" – Vicarious punishment?
"נִבְזֶה וַחֲדַל אִישִׁים" – When?
"הִנֵּה יַשְׂכִּיל עַבְדִּי" – When?
"כִּי נִגְזַר מֵאֶרֶץ חַיִּים"
"וַיִּתֵּן אֶת רְשָׁעִים קִבְרוֹ"
"עַבְדִּי"
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