Difference between revisions of "Yosef and Daniel/0"
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<li><b>Degree of Similarity</b> – Since much of the book of Daniel is written in Aramaic, it is not surprising that none of the parallels share identical language.  Despite this, in several cases the Aramaic is very close to the Hebrew,<fn>See, for example, "וַיָּשֶׂם רְבִד הַזָּהָב עַל צַוָּארוֹ" and "הַלְבִּישׁוּ... דִי דַהֲבָא עַל צַוְּארֵהּ"  or "אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים בּוֹ" and "וְדִי רוּחַ אֱלָהִין קַדִּישִׁין בֵּהּ".  There is much overlap between the following two sentences as well: "וַאֲנִי שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ לֵאמֹר תִּשְׁמַע חֲלוֹם לִפְתֹּר אֹתוֹ" and "וַאֲנָה שִׁמְעֵת [עֲלָךְ] (עליך) דִּי [תִיכּוּל] (תוכל) פִּשְׁרִין לְמִפְשַׁר".</fn> or has a similar meaning,<fn>See, for example, "הֲלוֹא לֵאלֹהִים פִּתְרֹנִים" and "אֱלָהּ בִּשְׁמַיָּא גָּלֵא רָזִין".  In this case, though, if one were to translate the Aramaic into Hebrew the phrases would not be identical.</fn> and in another case it is just the form of the word that differs.<fn>Compare for instance, " וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּחוֹ..." and "וַתִּתְפָּעֶם רוּחוֹ".</fn></li> | <li><b>Degree of Similarity</b> – Since much of the book of Daniel is written in Aramaic, it is not surprising that none of the parallels share identical language.  Despite this, in several cases the Aramaic is very close to the Hebrew,<fn>See, for example, "וַיָּשֶׂם רְבִד הַזָּהָב עַל צַוָּארוֹ" and "הַלְבִּישׁוּ... דִי דַהֲבָא עַל צַוְּארֵהּ"  or "אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים בּוֹ" and "וְדִי רוּחַ אֱלָהִין קַדִּישִׁין בֵּהּ".  There is much overlap between the following two sentences as well: "וַאֲנִי שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ לֵאמֹר תִּשְׁמַע חֲלוֹם לִפְתֹּר אֹתוֹ" and "וַאֲנָה שִׁמְעֵת [עֲלָךְ] (עליך) דִּי [תִיכּוּל] (תוכל) פִּשְׁרִין לְמִפְשַׁר".</fn> or has a similar meaning,<fn>See, for example, "הֲלוֹא לֵאלֹהִים פִּתְרֹנִים" and "אֱלָהּ בִּשְׁמַיָּא גָּלֵא רָזִין".  In this case, though, if one were to translate the Aramaic into Hebrew the phrases would not be identical.</fn> and in another case it is just the form of the word that differs.<fn>Compare for instance, " וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּחוֹ..." and "וַתִּתְפָּעֶם רוּחוֹ".</fn></li> | ||
− | <li><b>Uniqueness of Parallels</b> – Many of the parallels are unique to these stories. Only in these two stories are people described as having  "<span style="color: #ff6600;">פְּנֵיכֶם זֹעֲפִים</span>" or does someone's heart pound (<span style="color: #00ff00;">וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּחוֹ</span>) in reaction to a dream.<fn>Shimshon is the only other person whose spirit pounds within him (Shofetim 13:25) , but this is not in reaction to a troubled dream.</fn> The terms "<span style="color: #00ffff;">וּבְרִיאֵי בָּשָׂר/וּבְרִיאֹת בָּשָׂר</span>"  also do not appear anywhere else in Tanakh.  Content parallels are unique | + | <li><b>Uniqueness of Parallels</b> – Many of the parallels are unique to these stories. Only in these two stories are people described as having  "<span style="color: #ff6600;">פְּנֵיכֶם זֹעֲפִים</span>" or does someone's heart pound (<span style="color: #00ff00;">וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּחוֹ</span>) in reaction to a dream.<fn>Shimshon is the only other person whose spirit pounds within him (Shofetim 13:25) , but this is not in reaction to a troubled dream.</fn> The terms "<span style="color: #00ffff;">וּבְרִיאֵי בָּשָׂר/וּבְרִיאֹת בָּשָׂר</span>"  also do not appear anywhere else in Tanakh.  Content parallels are unique as well.  Only these two narratives speak of dreams about <span style="color: #ff0000;">animals leaving the water</span>, wise men or <span style="color: #0000ff;">magicians</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">who cannot interpret</span> dreams and <span style="color: #ff6600;">outsiders who can</span>.  In addition, a <span style="color: #993300;">"שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים" </span> only appears in these two stories and in the description of the destruction of Yerushalayim in Melakhim and Yirmeyahu.</li> |
<li><b>Function of Parallels</b> –</li> | <li><b>Function of Parallels</b> –</li> | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
<li><b>Reinforce Plot</b> – Many of the parallels between the stories relate to dreams and their interpretation and the resulting rise to power of the interpreter. In all these cases the similar language reinforces the content parallel.</li> | <li><b>Reinforce Plot</b> – Many of the parallels between the stories relate to dreams and their interpretation and the resulting rise to power of the interpreter. In all these cases the similar language reinforces the content parallel.</li> | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
− | <li>Both Yosef and Daniel are described as having " | + | <li>Both Yosef and Daniel are described as having the "<span style="color: #800080;">spirit of God</span>" in them, and that Hashem made others view them with <span style="color: #008000;">mercy</span>.  It is these traits that lead them to find favor in the eyes of the foreign rulers.</li> |
<li>In both stories the contrast between the characters' ability to <span style="color: #ff6600;">interpret dreams</span> and the local <span style="color: #0000ff;">magicians' inabilit</span>y to do so, lead the protagonists to success.</li> | <li>In both stories the contrast between the characters' ability to <span style="color: #ff6600;">interpret dreams</span> and the local <span style="color: #0000ff;">magicians' inabilit</span>y to do so, lead the protagonists to success.</li> | ||
<li>It is the placement of a<span style="color: #ff0000;"> gold ornament</span> on the necks of Yosef and Daniel that marks their new positions of power.</li> | <li>It is the placement of a<span style="color: #ff0000;"> gold ornament</span> on the necks of Yosef and Daniel that marks their new positions of power.</li> | ||
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<li><b>Unconnected</b> – In other cases, though, the shared language seems unconnected to the plot.  Thus the description of Daniel and his friends as having "upset faces" or being "healthy of flesh" has no correlation to the baker and butler's similar visages or the fat cows of Paroh's dream. The role of the "שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים" is also vastly different in the two narratives.</li> | <li><b>Unconnected</b> – In other cases, though, the shared language seems unconnected to the plot.  Thus the description of Daniel and his friends as having "upset faces" or being "healthy of flesh" has no correlation to the baker and butler's similar visages or the fat cows of Paroh's dream. The role of the "שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים" is also vastly different in the two narratives.</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
− | <li>Content – Some of the overall plot parallels are not unique to these stories, but are also found in the Book of Esther. In all three, a Jew, exceptional in his/her beauty, rises to power in exile, and it is the king's troubled sleep which provides the stimulus through which they find favor in his eyes. Only in the Yosef and Daniel stories, though,</li> | + | <li><b>Content</b> – Some of the overall plot parallels are not unique to these stories, but are also found in the Book of Esther. In all three, a Jew, exceptional in his/her beauty, rises to power in exile, and it is the king's troubled sleep which provides the stimulus through which they find favor in his eyes. Only in the Yosef and Daniel stories, though, do dreams and their interpretation play such a central role.</li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</page> | </page> | ||
</aht-xml> | </aht-xml> |
Version as of 02:48, 19 December 2014
Yosef and Daniel
Content Parallels
Setting |
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Dreams and Solutions |
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Rise to power |
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Religiosity |
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Literary Allusions
EN/HEע/E
יוסף | דניאל |
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(לט:א) וְיוֹסֵף הוּרַד מִצְרָיְמָה וַיִּקְנֵהוּ פּוֹטִיפַר סְרִיס פַּרְעֹה שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים אִישׁ מִצְרִי מִיַּד הַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִים אֲשֶׁר הוֹרִדֻהוּ שָׁמָּה. | (ב:יד) בֵּאדַיִן דָּנִיֵּאל הֲתִיב עֵטָא וּטְעֵם לְאַרְיוֹךְ רַב טַבָּחַיָּא דִּי מַלְכָּא דִּי נְפַק לְקַטָּלָה לְחַכִּימֵי בָּבֶל. |
(לט:כא) וַיְהִי ה' אֶת יוֹסֵף וַיֵּט אֵלָיו חָסֶד וַיִּתֵּן חִנּוֹ בְּעֵינֵי שַׂר בֵּית הַסֹּהַר. | (א:ט) וַיִּתֵּן הָאֱלֹהִים אֶת דָּנִיֵּאל לְחֶסֶד וּלְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים. |
(מ:ו-ז) וַיָּבֹא אֲלֵיהֶם יוֹסֵף בַּבֹּקֶר וַיַּרְא אֹתָם וְהִנָּם זֹעֲפִים. וַיִּשְׁאַל אֶת סְרִיסֵי פַרְעֹה אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ בְמִשְׁמַר בֵּית אֲדֹנָיו לֵאמֹר מַדּוּעַ פְּנֵיכֶם רָעִים הַיּוֹם. | (א:י) וַיֹּאמֶר שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים לְדָנִיֵּאל יָרֵא אֲנִי אֶת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר מִנָּה אֶת מַאֲכַלְכֶם וְאֶת מִשְׁתֵּיכֶם אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה יִרְאֶה אֶת פְּנֵיכֶם זֹעֲפִים מִן הַיְלָדִים אֲשֶׁר כְּגִילְכֶם וְחִיַּבְתֶּם אֶת רֹאשִׁי לַמֶּלֶךְ. |
(מא:ח) וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלָיו חֲלוֹם חָלַמְנוּ וּפֹתֵר אֵין אֹתוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם יוֹסֵף הֲלוֹא לֵאלֹהִים פִּתְרֹנִים סַפְּרוּ נָא לִי. | (ב:כז-כח) עָנֵה דָנִיֵּאל קֳדָם מַלְכָּא וְאָמַר רָזָה דִּי מַלְכָּא שָׁאֵל לָא חַכִּימִין אָשְׁפִין חַרְטֻמִּין גָּזְרִין יָכְלִין לְהַחֲוָיָה לְמַלְכָּא. בְּרַם אִיתַי אֱלָהּ בִּשְׁמַיָּא גָּלֵא רָזִין... |
(מא:א) וַיְהִי מִקֵּץ שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים וּפַרְעֹה חֹלֵם... | (ב:א) וּבִשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְמַלְכוּת נְבֻכַדְנֶצַּר חָלַם נְבֻכַדְנֶצַּר חֲלֹמוֹת... |
(מא:ב) וְהִנֵּה מִן הַיְאֹר עֹלֹת שֶׁבַע פָּרוֹת | (ז:ג) וְאַרְבַּע חֵיוָן רַבְרְבָן סָלְקָן מִן יַמָּא שָׁנְיָן דָּא מִן דָּא. |
(מא:ב) שֶׁבַע פָּרוֹת יְפוֹת מַרְאֶה וּבְרִיאֹת בָּשָׂר וַתִּרְעֶינָה בָּאָחוּ. | (א:טו) וּמִקְצָת יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה נִרְאָה מַרְאֵיהֶם טוֹב וּבְרִיאֵי בָּשָׂר מִן כָּל הַיְלָדִים הָאֹכְלִים אֵת פַּתְבַּג הַמֶּלֶךְ. |
(מא:ח) וַיְהִי בַבֹּקֶר וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּחוֹ... | (ב:א) וּבִשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְמַלְכוּת נְבֻכַדְנֶצַּר חָלַם נְבֻכַדְנֶצַּר חֲלֹמוֹת וַתִּתְפָּעֶם רוּחוֹ וּשְׁנָתוֹ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו. |
(מא:ח) וַיִּשְׁלַח וַיִּקְרָא אֶת כָּל חַרְטֻמֵּי מִצְרַיִם וְאֶת כָּל חֲכָמֶיהָ וַיְסַפֵּר פַּרְעֹה לָהֶם אֶת חֲלֹמוֹ וְאֵין פּוֹתֵר אוֹתָם לְפַרְעֹה. | (ד:ג) וּמִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם לְהַנְעָלָה קָדָמַי לְכֹל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל דִּי פְשַׁר חֶלְמָא יְהוֹדְעֻנַּנִי. |
(מא:יב-טו) וְשָׁם אִתָּנוּ נַעַר עִבְרִי עֶבֶד לְשַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים וַנְּסַפֶּר לוֹ וַיִּפְתָּר לָנוּ אֶת חֲלֹמֹתֵינוּ אִישׁ כַּחֲלֹמוֹ פָּתָר. (יג) וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר פָּתַר לָנוּ כֵּן הָיָה אֹתִי הֵשִׁיב עַל כַּנִּי וְאֹתוֹ תָלָה. (יד) וַיִּשְׁלַח פַּרְעֹה וַיִּקְרָא אֶת יוֹסֵף וַיְרִיצֻהוּ מִן הַבּוֹר וַיְגַלַּח וַיְחַלֵּף שִׂמְלֹתָיו וַיָּבֹא אֶל פַּרְעֹה. (טו) וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה אֶל יוֹסֵף חֲלוֹם חָלַמְתִּי וּפֹתֵר אֵין אֹתוֹ וַאֲנִי שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ לֵאמֹר תִּשְׁמַע חֲלוֹם לִפְתֹּר אֹתוֹ. | (ב:כה) אֱדַיִן אַרְיוֹךְ בְּהִתְבְּהָלָה הַנְעֵל לְדָנִיֵּאל קֳדָם מַלְכָּא וְכֵן אֲמַר לֵהּ דִּי הַשְׁכַּחַת גְּבַר מִן בְּנֵי גָלוּתָא דִּי יְהוּד דִּי פִשְׁרָא לְמַלְכָּא יְהוֹדַע. (כו) עָנֵה מַלְכָּא וְאָמַר לְדָנִיֵּאל דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר [הַאִיתָךְ] (האיתיך) כָּהֵל לְהוֹדָעֻתַנִי חֶלְמָא דִי חֲזֵית וּפִשְׁרֵהּ. |
(מא:יד) וַיִּשְׁלַח פַּרְעֹה וַיִּקְרָא אֶת יוֹסֵף וַיְרִיצֻהוּ מִן הַבּוֹר וַיְגַלַּח וַיְחַלֵּף שִׂמְלֹתָיו וַיָּבֹא אֶל פַּרְעֹה. | (ו:כד) בֵּאדַיִן מַלְכָּא שַׂגִּיא טְאֵב עֲלוֹהִי וּלְדָנִיֵּאל אֲמַר לְהַנְסָקָה מִן גֻּבָּא וְהֻסַּק דָּנִיֵּאל מִן גֻּבָּא וְכָל חֲבָל לָא הִשְׁתְּכַח בֵּהּ דִּי הֵימִן בֵּאלָהֵהּ. |
(מא:טו) וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה אֶל יוֹסֵף חֲלוֹם חָלַמְתִּי וּפֹתֵר אֵין אֹתוֹ וַאֲנִי שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ לֵאמֹר תִּשְׁמַע חֲלוֹם לִפְתֹּר אֹתוֹ. | (ה:טז) וַאֲנָה שִׁמְעֵת [עֲלָךְ] (עליך) דִּי [תִיכּוּל] (תוכל) פִּשְׁרִין לְמִפְשַׁר וְקִטְרִין לְמִשְׁרֵא כְּעַן הֵן [תִּכּוּל] (תוכל) כְּתָבָא לְמִקְרֵא וּפִשְׁרֵהּ לְהוֹדָעֻתַנִי אַרְגְּוָנָא תִלְבַּשׁ והמונכא וְהַמְנִיכָא דִי דַהֲבָא עַל צַוְּארָךְ וְתַלְתָּא בְמַלְכוּתָא תִּשְׁלַט. |
(מא:כד) וַתִּבְלַעְןָ הַשִּׁבֳּלִים הַדַּקֹּת אֵת שֶׁבַע הַשִּׁבֳּלִים הַטֹּבוֹת וָאֹמַר אֶל הַחַרְטֻמִּים וְאֵין מַגִּיד לִי. | (ד:ד) בֵּאדַיִן [עָלִּין] (עללין) חַרְטֻמַיָּא אָשְׁפַיָּא [כַּשְׂדָּאֵי] (כשדיא) וְגָזְרַיָּא וְחֶלְמָא אָמַר אֲנָה קֳדָמֵיהוֹן וּפִשְׁרֵהּ לָא מְהוֹדְעִין לִי. |
(מא:לח) וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה אֶל עֲבָדָיו הֲנִמְצָא כָזֶה אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים בּוֹ. | (ד:ה) וְעַד אָחֳרֵין עַל קָדָמַי דָּנִיֵּאל דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר כְּשֻׁם אֱלָהִי וְדִי רוּחַ אֱלָהִין קַדִּישִׁין בֵּהּ וְחֶלְמָא קָדָמוֹהִי אַמְרֵת. |
(מא:מב) וַיָּסַר פַּרְעֹה אֶת טַבַּעְתּוֹ מֵעַל יָדוֹ וַיִּתֵּן אֹתָהּ עַל יַד יוֹסֵף וַיַּלְבֵּשׁ אֹתוֹ בִּגְדֵי שֵׁשׁ וַיָּשֶׂם רְבִד הַזָּהָב עַל צַוָּארוֹ. (מג) וַיַּרְכֵּב אֹתוֹ בְּמִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁר לוֹ וַיִּקְרְאוּ לְפָנָיו אַבְרֵךְ וְנָתוֹן אֹתוֹ עַל כָּל אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם. | (ה:כט) בֵּאדַיִן אֲמַר בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר וְהַלְבִּישׁוּ לְדָנִיֵּאל אַרְגְּוָנָא [וְהַמְנִיכָא] (והמונכא) דִי דַהֲבָא עַל צַוְּארֵהּ וְהַכְרִזוּ עֲלוֹהִי דִּי לֶהֱוֵא שַׁלִּיט תַּלְתָּא בְּמַלְכוּתָא. |
(מא:מה) וַיִּקְרָא פַרְעֹה שֵׁם יוֹסֵף צָפְנַת פַּעְנֵחַ וַיִּתֶּן לוֹ אֶת אָסְנַת בַּת פּוֹטִי פֶרַע כֹּהֵן אֹן לְאִשָּׁה וַיֵּצֵא יוֹסֵף עַל אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם. | (א:ז) וַיָּשֶׂם לָהֶם שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים שֵׁמוֹת וַיָּשֶׂם לְדָנִיֵּאל בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר וְלַחֲנַנְיָה שַׁדְרַךְ וּלְמִישָׁאֵל מֵישַׁךְ וְלַעֲזַרְיָה עֲבֵד נְגוֹ. |
(מה:כו) וַיַּגִּדוּ לוֹ לֵאמֹר עוֹד יוֹסֵף חַי וְכִי הוּא מֹשֵׁל בְּכָל אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם וַיָּפָג לִבּוֹ כִּי לֹא הֶאֱמִין לָהֶם. | (ב:מח) אֱדַיִן מַלְכָּא לְדָנִיֵּאל רַבִּי וּמַתְּנָן רַבְרְבָן שַׂגִּיאָן יְהַב לֵהּ וְהַשְׁלְטֵהּ עַל כָּל מְדִינַת בָּבֶל וְרַב סִגְנִין עַל כָּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל. |
(מז:ב) וּמִקְצֵה אֶחָיו לָקַח חֲמִשָּׁה אֲנָשִׁים וַיַּצִּגֵם לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה. | (א:ה) וּמִקְצָתָם יַעַמְדוּ לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ. |
Analysis
- Degree of Similarity – Since much of the book of Daniel is written in Aramaic, it is not surprising that none of the parallels share identical language. Despite this, in several cases the Aramaic is very close to the Hebrew,3 or has a similar meaning,4 and in another case it is just the form of the word that differs.5
- Uniqueness of Parallels – Many of the parallels are unique to these stories. Only in these two stories are people described as having "פְּנֵיכֶם זֹעֲפִים" or does someone's heart pound (וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּחוֹ) in reaction to a dream.6 The terms "וּבְרִיאֵי בָּשָׂר/וּבְרִיאֹת בָּשָׂר" also do not appear anywhere else in Tanakh. Content parallels are unique as well. Only these two narratives speak of dreams about animals leaving the water, wise men or magicians who cannot interpret dreams and outsiders who can. In addition, a "שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים" only appears in these two stories and in the description of the destruction of Yerushalayim in Melakhim and Yirmeyahu.
- Function of Parallels –
- Reinforce Plot – Many of the parallels between the stories relate to dreams and their interpretation and the resulting rise to power of the interpreter. In all these cases the similar language reinforces the content parallel.
- Both Yosef and Daniel are described as having the "spirit of God" in them, and that Hashem made others view them with mercy. It is these traits that lead them to find favor in the eyes of the foreign rulers.
- In both stories the contrast between the characters' ability to interpret dreams and the local magicians' inability to do so, lead the protagonists to success.
- It is the placement of a gold ornament on the necks of Yosef and Daniel that marks their new positions of power.
- Unconnected – In other cases, though, the shared language seems unconnected to the plot. Thus the description of Daniel and his friends as having "upset faces" or being "healthy of flesh" has no correlation to the baker and butler's similar visages or the fat cows of Paroh's dream. The role of the "שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים" is also vastly different in the two narratives.
- Content – Some of the overall plot parallels are not unique to these stories, but are also found in the Book of Esther. In all three, a Jew, exceptional in his/her beauty, rises to power in exile, and it is the king's troubled sleep which provides the stimulus through which they find favor in his eyes. Only in the Yosef and Daniel stories, though, do dreams and their interpretation play such a central role.