Difference between revisions of "Banishment of Hagar and Yishmael/2"
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<category>Yishmael's Negative Behavior | <category>Yishmael's Negative Behavior | ||
| − | <mekorot><multilink><a href="ToseftaSotah5-7" data-aht="source">Tosefta</a><a href="ToseftaSotah5-7" data-aht="source">Sotah 5:7</a><a href="Tosefta" data-aht="parshan">About the Tosefta</a></multilink>, R. Akiva, R. Elazar b. R. Yosi HaGelili, R. Yishmael | + | <p>Sarah's actions were motivated by the problematic behavior of Yishmael, and the desire to protect Yitzchak from his repugnant deeds and influence.</p> |
| − | <point><b>"מְצַחֵק"</b></point> | + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="ToseftaSotah5-7" data-aht="source">Tosefta</a><a href="ToseftaSotah5-7" data-aht="source">Sotah 5:7</a><a href="Tosefta" data-aht="parshan">About the Tosefta</a></multilink>, R. Akiva, R. Elazar b. R. Yosi HaGelili, and R. Yishmael in <multilink><a href="ToseftaSotah6-3" data-aht="source">Tosefta</a><a href="ToseftaSotah6-3" data-aht="source">Sotah 6:3</a><a href="Tosefta" data-aht="parshan">About the Tosefta</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="SifreDevarim6-4" data-aht="source">Sifre Devarim</a><a href="SifreDevarim6-4" data-aht="source">6:4</a><a href="Sifre Devarim" data-aht="parshan">About Sifre Devarim</a></multilink>, and <multilink><a href="BereshitRabbah53-11" data-aht="source">Bereshit Rabbah</a><a href="BereshitRabbah53-11" data-aht="source">53:11</a><a href="Bereshit Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Bereshit Rabbah</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="ShemotRabbah1-1" data-aht="source">Shemot Rabbah</a><a href="ShemotRabbah1-1" data-aht="source">1:1</a><a href="Shemot Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Shemot Rabbah</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="TargumPseudo-JonathanBereshit21-9-17" data-aht="source">Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a><a href="TargumPseudo-JonathanBereshit21-9-17" data-aht="source">Bereshit 21:9-17</a><a href="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan" data-aht="parshan">About Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RashiBereshit21-9-111417" data-aht="source">Rashi</a><a href="RashiBereshit21-9-111417" data-aht="source">Bereshit 21:9-11,14-15,17</a><a href="R. Shelomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RAvrahambHaRambamBereshit21-9-1120" data-aht="source">R. Avraham b. HaRambam</a><a href="RAvrahambHaRambamBereshit21-9-1120" data-aht="source">Bereshit 21:9-12</a><a href="RAvrahambHaRambamBereshit21-14" data-aht="source">Bereshit 21:14</a><a href="RAvrahambHaRambamBereshit21-20" data-aht="source">Bereshit 21:20</a><a href="R. Avraham Maimonides" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham Maimonides</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RambanBereshit21-9-11" data-aht="source">Ramban</a><a href="RambanBereshit21-9-11" data-aht="source">Bereshit 21:9-11</a><a href="RambanBereshit21-15" data-aht="source">Bereshit 21:15</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Nachman (Ramban, Nachmanides)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe b. Nachman</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RYosefibnKaspiTiratKesefpp98-99" data-aht="source">R. Yosef ibn Kaspi</a><a href="RYosefibnKaspiTiratKesefpp98-99" data-aht="source">Tirat Kesef pp. 98-99</a><a href="RYosefibnKaspiBereshit21-9" data-aht="source">Bereshit 21:9</a><a href="R. Yosef ibn Kaspi" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yosef ibn Kaspi</a></multilink>,</mekorot> |
| + | <point><b>"מְצַחֵק"</b><ul> | ||
| + | <li>According to most of these commentators, the word refers either to idolatry,<fn>See R. Akiva, the anonymous opinion in Tosefta, Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, and Rashi. As evidence that the root "צחק" can be understood in this manner, R. Akiva points to Shemot 32:6, where the nation is "מצחק" before the Golden Calf.<br/>Targum Pseudo-Jonathan presents Yishmael as worshiping both idols and Hashem (some versions omit this detail) It also relates how both Hagar and Yishmael worshiped idols on their trek in the wilderness (it renders the phrase "וַתֵּתַע בְּמִדְבַּר" metaphorically to mean that she wandered after idolatry), and it appears from the Targum that, as a punishment for this action, Yishmael came down with a fever which depleted their water supply.<br/>It is noteworthy that Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer presents only Hagar as worshiping idolatry (and this is what causes their water to run out), while Yishmael himself prays to Hashem, the God of his father Avraham (again in contrast to Targum PsJ which has Hagar praying to the idolatrous god of her father). Numerous scholars have noted that this likely reflects Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer's identification of Yishmael as the father of Islam (see below), which he viewed as a monotheistic religion.</fn> murder, or illicit relations, the three cardinal sins in Judaism.</li> | ||
| + | </ul></point> | ||
<point><b>Disinheritance</b></point> | <point><b>Disinheritance</b></point> | ||
<point><b>Banishment</b></point> | <point><b>Banishment</b></point> | ||
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<point><b>"לֶחֶם וְחֵמַת מַיִם" – were there sufficient provisions?</b></point> | <point><b>"לֶחֶם וְחֵמַת מַיִם" – were there sufficient provisions?</b></point> | ||
<point><b>Why does Hashem save Yishmael?</b></point> | <point><b>Why does Hashem save Yishmael?</b></point> | ||
| + | <point><b>Hagar's status</b></point> | ||
| + | <point><b>When does the story take place?</b></point> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
<category>Ensuring Yitzchak's Inheritance | <category>Ensuring Yitzchak's Inheritance | ||
Version as of 05:44, 22 October 2015
Banishment of Hagar and Yishmael
Exegetical Approaches
Yishmael's Negative Behavior
Sarah's actions were motivated by the problematic behavior of Yishmael, and the desire to protect Yitzchak from his repugnant deeds and influence.
Sources:Tosefta, R. Akiva, R. Elazar b. R. Yosi HaGelili, and R. Yishmael in Tosefta, Sifre Devarim, and Bereshit Rabbah, Shemot Rabbah, Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, Rashi, R. Avraham b. HaRambam, Ramban, R. Yosef ibn Kaspi,
"מְצַחֵק"
- According to most of these commentators, the word refers either to idolatry,1 murder, or illicit relations, the three cardinal sins in Judaism.
Disinheritance
Banishment
"Why is Avraham "upset about his son"?
Why is Hagar also expelled?
"לֶחֶם וְחֵמַת מַיִם" – were there sufficient provisions?
Why does Hashem save Yishmael?
Hagar's status
When does the story take place?
Ensuring Yitzchak's Inheritance
Sources:Rashbi's opinion in Tosefta, Sifre Devarim, and Bereshit Rabbah, Ralbag, Abarbanel, Seforno, Shadal,
Jealousy
Sources:
