Manifold Punishment/2

Manifold Punishment

Exegetical Approaches

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Punished More than Deserved

Sometimes, people are punished more severely than their sins call for.  This position subdivides in how it explains why this is justified:

Natural Order

Since this world is run via natural order, it is possible that the nation might receive more than its proper share of retribution.

Sources:RashiYeshayahu 40:2About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki, Keli YekarVayikra 26:18About R. Shelomo Ephraim Luntschitz, ר׳ שלמה מאריגיcited by Shadal Yeshayahu 40:2About R. Shemuel David Luzzatto,

Divine providence vs. natural order

Punishment in this world or the next

Vicarious Punishment of Children

Hashem's system of justice allows for the vicarious (or collective) punishment of children for their parent's sins, resulting in undue suffering of the descendant.

Punishment Less Harsh than Appears

The verse's description of the punishment makes it sound worse than it really is.  As such, the nation did not really suffer more than deserved.

Sources:Perhaps RashbamVayikra 26:18About R. Shemuel b. Meir, perhaps Ibn EzraVayikra 26:18Yeshayahu 40:2About R. Avraham ibn Ezra, R. Eliezer of BeaugencyYeshayahu 40:2About R. Eliezer of Beaugency,

Sin More Egregious than Appears

The sin for which the nation is punished is actually more severe than the verse makes it appear.  As such, the harsh punishment described is justified.

Sources:Sifra Vayikra26:18About the Sifra Vayikra, Eikhah RabbahIntroductionAbout Eikhah Rabbah, RashiVayikra 26:18About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki, R. Yosef Bekhor ShorVayikra 26:18About R. Yosef Bekhor Shor, RadakYeshayahu 40:2About R. David Kimchi, Paneach RazaVayikra 26:18About R. Yitzchak b. Yehuda, ?RalbagYehoshua 7:1About R. Levi b. Gershom