Difference between revisions of "אחר שלוחיה – Who Sent What to Whom/2"
(Original Author: Yehuda Novetsky,Yonatan Novetsky,Rabbi Hillel Novetsky) |
(Original Author: Yehuda Novetsky,Yonatan Novetsky,Rabbi Hillel Novetsky) |
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<h1>"אחר שלוחיה" – Who Sent What to Whom?</h1> | <h1>"אחר שלוחיה" – Who Sent What to Whom?</h1> | ||
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<p>The commentators offer a number of different possibilities regarding the meaning of שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ:</p> | <p>The commentators offer a number of different possibilities regarding the meaning of שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ:</p> | ||
<approaches> | <approaches> | ||
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<opinion name="Just Sent Her Home">Moshe Only Sent Zipporah Home but Did Not Divorce Her. | <opinion name="Just Sent Her Home">Moshe Only Sent Zipporah Home but Did Not Divorce Her. | ||
− | <mekorot><multilink><aht source="MekhiltaAmalek1">R. Elazar HaModai in Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael</aht><aht source="MekhiltaAmalek1">Yitro Amalek 1</aht><aht parshan="Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael">About the Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael</aht></multilink>, <multilink><aht source="MekhiltaDeRashbi18-2">R. Yehoshua in Mekhilta DeRashbi</aht><aht source="MekhiltaDeRashbi18-2">Shemot 18:2</aht><aht parshan="Mekhilta DeRashbi" /></multilink>,<fn>This is one possible explanation of the Tannaitic dispute in both Mekhiltas (and according to this, even the previous opinion which says that Moshe divorced Zipporah might maintain that he didn't do so with a halakhically valid < | + | <mekorot><multilink><aht source="MekhiltaAmalek1">R. Elazar HaModai in Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael</aht><aht source="MekhiltaAmalek1">Yitro Amalek 1</aht><aht parshan="Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael">About the Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael</aht></multilink>, <multilink><aht source="MekhiltaDeRashbi18-2">R. Yehoshua in Mekhilta DeRashbi</aht><aht source="MekhiltaDeRashbi18-2">Shemot 18:2</aht><aht parshan="Mekhilta DeRashbi" /></multilink>,<fn>This is one possible explanation of the Tannaitic dispute in both Mekhiltas (and according to this, even the previous opinion which says that Moshe divorced Zipporah might maintain that he didn't do so with a halakhically valid <i>get</i>. Alternatively, both Tannaim agree that Moshe divorced Zipporah, and the only disagreement is over whether he did so with a halakhically valid <i>get</i> or by mere verbal instructions (as may have been the custom before the giving of the Torah).</fn> <multilink><aht source="RAvraham18-2">R. Saadia</aht><aht source="IbnJanach">Ibn Janach Sefer HaShorashim שלח</aht><aht source="RAvraham4-24">R. Avraham b. HaRambam Shemot 4:24</aht><aht source="RAvraham18-2">R. Avraham b. HaRambam Shemot 18:2</aht><aht parshan="R. Saadia Gaon">About R. Saadia</aht></multilink> (cited by Ibn Janach and R. Avraham b. HaRambam), <multilink><aht source="Rashi18-2">Rashi</aht><aht source="Rashi18-2">Shemot 18:2</aht><aht parshan="Rashi" /></multilink>, <multilink><aht source="Rashbam18-2">Rashbam</aht><aht source="Rashbam18-2">Shemot 18:2</aht><aht parshan="Rashbam" /></multilink> in his first opinion, <multilink><aht source="IbnEzra18-2">Ibn Ezra</aht><aht source="IbnEzra18-2">Shemot 18:2</aht><aht parshan="R. Avraham ibn Ezra">About Ibn Ezra</aht></multilink> in his first opinion.</mekorot> |
<point><b>Chronology</b> – See <aht page="When Did Zipporah Return to Midyan">Zipporah's Return to Midyan</aht> for the different possibilities among these exegetes as to when Zipporah was sent home. According to R. Saadia, Shemot 4:20 already tells of Zipporah returning home, while according to the other commentators the Torah notes this information only (parenthetically) in Shemot 18 and not when the event transpired.<fn>See <multilink><aht source="Rashbam18-2">Rashbam</aht><aht source="Rashbam18-2">Shemot 18:2</aht><aht parshan="Rashbam" /></multilink> below who notes the difficulty according to this opinion. Additionally, this position needs to say that "Yitro took Zipporah" refers either to his taking in of Zipporah after she was divorced (in which case the expected past perfect is lacking), or to his bringing back of Zipporah (in which case אַחַר does not mean immediately after, but rather after a considerable time had passed; see Seforno below who avoids this problem).</fn></point> | <point><b>Chronology</b> – See <aht page="When Did Zipporah Return to Midyan">Zipporah's Return to Midyan</aht> for the different possibilities among these exegetes as to when Zipporah was sent home. According to R. Saadia, Shemot 4:20 already tells of Zipporah returning home, while according to the other commentators the Torah notes this information only (parenthetically) in Shemot 18 and not when the event transpired.<fn>See <multilink><aht source="Rashbam18-2">Rashbam</aht><aht source="Rashbam18-2">Shemot 18:2</aht><aht parshan="Rashbam" /></multilink> below who notes the difficulty according to this opinion. Additionally, this position needs to say that "Yitro took Zipporah" refers either to his taking in of Zipporah after she was divorced (in which case the expected past perfect is lacking), or to his bringing back of Zipporah (in which case אַחַר does not mean immediately after, but rather after a considerable time had passed; see Seforno below who avoids this problem).</fn></point> | ||
</opinion> | </opinion> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
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<category name="Zipporah Sent Messengers"><!--<span style="color:green></span>-->Zipporah Sent Messengers | <category name="Zipporah Sent Messengers"><!--<span style="color:green></span>-->Zipporah Sent Messengers | ||
<p>שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ describes Zipporah's sending (שלח) of messengers to find out where Moshe was encamped. According to this approach, Zipporah is actively seeking to reunite with Moshe, and Yitro is attempting to assist her. See <aht page="Yitro's Visit – Purpose and Significance/2#FamilyReunification">Yitro's Purpose</aht>.</p> | <p>שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ describes Zipporah's sending (שלח) of messengers to find out where Moshe was encamped. According to this approach, Zipporah is actively seeking to reunite with Moshe, and Yitro is attempting to assist her. See <aht page="Yitro's Visit – Purpose and Significance/2#FamilyReunification">Yitro's Purpose</aht>.</p> | ||
− | <mekorot><multilink><aht source="Seforno18-2">Seforno</aht><aht source="Seforno18-2">Shemot 18:2</aht><aht parshan="R. Ovadyah Seforno">About Seforno</aht></multilink>,<fn>This understanding would vocalize Seforno's interpretation as אַחַר שֶׁשָׁלְחָה. In contrast, R. Yehuda Copperman's edition of Seforno vocalizes the words as אַחַר שֶׁשִּׁלְּחָהּ (with a < | + | <mekorot><multilink><aht source="Seforno18-2">Seforno</aht><aht source="Seforno18-2">Shemot 18:2</aht><aht parshan="R. Ovadyah Seforno">About Seforno</aht></multilink>,<fn>This understanding would vocalize Seforno's interpretation as אַחַר שֶׁשָׁלְחָה. In contrast, R. Yehuda Copperman's edition of Seforno vocalizes the words as אַחַר שֶׁשִּׁלְּחָהּ (with a <i>chirik</i> under the second ש, a <i>dagesh</i> in the ל, and a <i>mappiq</i> in the ה) which would mean that Yitro had previously sent Zipporah to find out where Moshe was camped. However, it is questionable whether Zipporah would have made a likely choice for a scout. See also Seforno 18:1 where he implies that Yitro would not have sent Zipporah alone.</fn> <multilink><aht source="OrHaChayyim18-2">Or HaChayyim</aht><aht source="OrHaChayyim18-2">Shemot 18:2</aht><aht parshan="Or HaChayyim" /></multilink>.</mekorot> |
<point><b>Chronology</b> – According to this opinion, the narrator is recounting an event which is happening now (rather than previously), and it is clear why it is recorded here.<fn><multilink><aht source="Seforno4-18">Seforno</aht><aht source="Seforno4-18">Shemot 4:18,20</aht><aht parshan="R. Ovadyah Seforno">About Seforno</aht></multilink> additionally maintains (like R. Chananel) that Shemot 4:20 already describes Zipporah's being sent home – see <aht page="When Did Zipporah Return to Midyan">Zipporah's Return to Midyan</aht>. Seforno thereby gains that the Torah records the events of both Shemot 4 and Shemot 18 exactly when they happened, and the story of Zipporah's return home is not missing from the text. [Once Seforno interpreted 4:20 as referring to Zipporah's going back to Midyan, he could have explained that שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ in 18:2 refers to this same return (Seforno's language in 4:20 of "אַחַר שִׁלּוּחֵיהֶם" alludes to this possibility). However, Seforno likely did not adopt this option in 18:2 because the word אַחַר implies that Yitro's returning of Zipporah came soon after שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ.]</fn></point> | <point><b>Chronology</b> – According to this opinion, the narrator is recounting an event which is happening now (rather than previously), and it is clear why it is recorded here.<fn><multilink><aht source="Seforno4-18">Seforno</aht><aht source="Seforno4-18">Shemot 4:18,20</aht><aht parshan="R. Ovadyah Seforno">About Seforno</aht></multilink> additionally maintains (like R. Chananel) that Shemot 4:20 already describes Zipporah's being sent home – see <aht page="When Did Zipporah Return to Midyan">Zipporah's Return to Midyan</aht>. Seforno thereby gains that the Torah records the events of both Shemot 4 and Shemot 18 exactly when they happened, and the story of Zipporah's return home is not missing from the text. [Once Seforno interpreted 4:20 as referring to Zipporah's going back to Midyan, he could have explained that שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ in 18:2 refers to this same return (Seforno's language in 4:20 of "אַחַר שִׁלּוּחֵיהֶם" alludes to this possibility). However, Seforno likely did not adopt this option in 18:2 because the word אַחַר implies that Yitro's returning of Zipporah came soon after שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ.]</fn></point> | ||
<point><b>Zipporah's initiative</b> – As Yitro takes the initiative throughout the entire chapter and Zipporah takes a backseat, it is surprising that it would be Zipporah who sent the messengers and not Yitro himself.</point> | <point><b>Zipporah's initiative</b> – As Yitro takes the initiative throughout the entire chapter and Zipporah takes a backseat, it is surprising that it would be Zipporah who sent the messengers and not Yitro himself.</point> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
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<category name="Dowry or Gifts"><!--<span style="color:#FF3B00></span>-->Dowry or Gifts | <category name="Dowry or Gifts"><!--<span style="color:#FF3B00></span>-->Dowry or Gifts | ||
<p>שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ refers to a dowry given by Yitro to Zipporah or gifts sent by Zipporah to Moshe. According to all of the commentators who adopt this possibility, the word is linked to the two other Biblical appearances of the noun שִׁלּוּחִים. However, they disagree regarding who gave what to whom and as to when this happened. These questions greatly depend on whether the term שִׁלּוּחִים can describe any gift or only a dowry – see <aht page="Dictionary:שִׁלּוּחִים">שלח</aht> for the basis of the dispute on this matter.</p> | <p>שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ refers to a dowry given by Yitro to Zipporah or gifts sent by Zipporah to Moshe. According to all of the commentators who adopt this possibility, the word is linked to the two other Biblical appearances of the noun שִׁלּוּחִים. However, they disagree regarding who gave what to whom and as to when this happened. These questions greatly depend on whether the term שִׁלּוּחִים can describe any gift or only a dowry – see <aht page="Dictionary:שִׁלּוּחִים">שלח</aht> for the basis of the dispute on this matter.</p> | ||
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<p>According to all of the above approaches, and regardless of how one explains אַחַר שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ, it is clear from Shemot 18:1-6 that Zipporah was sent home at some point. For an analysis of the various positions on the timing of this event – see <aht page="When Did Zipporah Return to Midyan">Zipporah's Return to Midyan</aht>.</p> | <p>According to all of the above approaches, and regardless of how one explains אַחַר שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ, it is clear from Shemot 18:1-6 that Zipporah was sent home at some point. For an analysis of the various positions on the timing of this event – see <aht page="When Did Zipporah Return to Midyan">Zipporah's Return to Midyan</aht>.</p> | ||
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Version as of 00:43, 26 June 2014
"אחר שלוחיה" – Who Sent What to Whom?
Exegetical Approaches
The commentators offer a number of different possibilities regarding the meaning of שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ:
Moshe Sent Zipporah Away
שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ refers to Moshe's sending (שלח) of Zipporah back to her father's home. This possibility subdivides regarding the meaning of this action:
Moshe Divorced Zipporah
Moshe Only Sent Zipporah Home but Did Not Divorce Her.
Zipporah Sent Messengers
שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ describes Zipporah's sending (שלח) of messengers to find out where Moshe was encamped. According to this approach, Zipporah is actively seeking to reunite with Moshe, and Yitro is attempting to assist her. See Yitro's Purpose.
Dowry or Gifts
שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ refers to a dowry given by Yitro to Zipporah or gifts sent by Zipporah to Moshe. According to all of the commentators who adopt this possibility, the word is linked to the two other Biblical appearances of the noun שִׁלּוּחִים. However, they disagree regarding who gave what to whom and as to when this happened. These questions greatly depend on whether the term שִׁלּוּחִים can describe any gift or only a dowry – see שלח for the basis of the dispute on this matter.
Yitro Gave Zipporah Now
Yitro gave Zipporah her dowry now since he was returning her to Moshe.
Yitro Gave Zipporah Previously
Yitro previously gave Zipporah her dowry11 when she married Moshe.
Zipporah Gave Moshe Now
Zipporah sent gifts to Moshe immediately prior to her arrival.
According to all of the above approaches, and regardless of how one explains אַחַר שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ, it is clear from Shemot 18:1-6 that Zipporah was sent home at some point. For an analysis of the various positions on the timing of this event – see Zipporah's Return to Midyan.