Difference between revisions of "Concerns Regarding the Monarchy/2"
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<multilink><a href="BavliSanhedrin20b" data-aht="source">R. Eliezer in Bavli Sanhedrin</a><a href="BavliSanhedrin20b" data-aht="source">Sanhedrin 20b</a><a href="Talmud Bavli" data-aht="parshan">About the Bavli</a></multilink> according to <multilink><a href="RashiSanhedrin20b" data-aht="source">Rashi</a><a href="RashiSanhedrin20b" data-aht="source">Sanhedrin 20b</a><a href="R. Shelomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RadakShemuelI8-5" data-aht="source">Radak</a><a href="RadakShemuelI8-5" data-aht="source">Shemuel I 8:5</a><a href="R. David Kimchi (Radak)" data-aht="parshan">About R. David Kimchi</a></multilink>, Prof. Y. Elitzur | <multilink><a href="BavliSanhedrin20b" data-aht="source">R. Eliezer in Bavli Sanhedrin</a><a href="BavliSanhedrin20b" data-aht="source">Sanhedrin 20b</a><a href="Talmud Bavli" data-aht="parshan">About the Bavli</a></multilink> according to <multilink><a href="RashiSanhedrin20b" data-aht="source">Rashi</a><a href="RashiSanhedrin20b" data-aht="source">Sanhedrin 20b</a><a href="R. Shelomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RadakShemuelI8-5" data-aht="source">Radak</a><a href="RadakShemuelI8-5" data-aht="source">Shemuel I 8:5</a><a href="R. David Kimchi (Radak)" data-aht="parshan">About R. David Kimchi</a></multilink>, Prof. Y. Elitzur | ||
</mekorot> | </mekorot> | ||
| − | <point><b>"וְיָצָא לְפָנֵינוּ וְנִלְחַם אֶת מִלְחֲמֹתֵנוּ"</b> – Rashi and Radak points to these words of the nation as evidence that the people were not requesting a king who would serve a judicial purpose, but rather a military leader. | + | <point><b>"וְיָצָא לְפָנֵינוּ וְנִלְחַם אֶת מִלְחֲמֹתֵנוּ"</b> – Rashi and Radak points to these words of the nation as evidence that the people were not requesting a king who would serve a judicial purpose, but rather a military leader. They claim that this focus on the military aspect of the king's leadership is what troubled Hashem.</point> |
| + | <point><b>"שִׂימָה לָּנוּ מֶלֶךְ לְשׇׁפְטֵנוּ"</b> – One might argue that in their initial request, the people make no mention of any military role, but only a judicial one (לְשׇׁפְטֵנוּ). These sources might answer that the people were using the verb in the military sense of the word,<fn>See Radak's second possibility in explaining the word  "וּשְׁפָטָנוּ" in verse 22: "או פירושו יקח משפטינו מיד אויבינו".  According to this understanding, the last two clauses of the verse, ",וְיָצָא לְפָנֵינוּ וְנִלְחַם אֶת מִלְחֲמֹתֵנוּ" clarify what is meant by the initial phrase, "וּשְׁפָטָנוּ מַלְכֵּנוּ" .</fn> asking for a king who would serve as a שופט, like the leaders of the Book of Judges who were mainly saviors in war.</point> | ||
<point><b>What is wrong with desiring a military leader?</b></point> | <point><b>What is wrong with desiring a military leader?</b></point> | ||
| − | <point><b>" | + | <point><b>"וַיֵּרַע הַדָּבָר בְּעֵינֵי שְׁמוּאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמְרוּ תְּנָה לָּנוּ מֶלֶךְ לְשׇׁפְטֵנוּ"</b> – This position could explain Shemuel's reaction in one of two ways: |
| − | + | <ul> | |
| + | <li>It is possible that Shemuel, too, is using the root שפט in its military sense, and was upset that the nation wanted to replace their old warrior, Hashem, with a new one.</li> | ||
| + | <li>Alternatively, it is possible that Shemuel misunderstood the people's request, understanding "וַלְשׇׁפְטֵנוּ" in its judicial sense. He took thier request as a personal affront, as he assumed that they found him lacking.</li> | ||
| + | </ul></point> | ||
<point><b>Hashem's response: "כִּי אֹתִי מָאֲסוּ"</b> – Hashem corrects Shemuel's misconception and explains that the request is really a rejection of Hashem, not Shemuel.</point> | <point><b>Hashem's response: "כִּי אֹתִי מָאֲסוּ"</b> – Hashem corrects Shemuel's misconception and explains that the request is really a rejection of Hashem, not Shemuel.</point> | ||
<point><b>"כְּכָל הַגּוֹיִם"</b></point> | <point><b>"כְּכָל הַגּוֹיִם"</b></point> | ||
Version as of 06:24, 16 November 2016
Problem With the King
Exegetical Approaches
Overview
Rejection of Hashem
In requesting a human monarch to fight their wars, the people betrayed a lack of faith in and recognition of Hashem as their warrior and savior.
"וְיָצָא לְפָנֵינוּ וְנִלְחַם אֶת מִלְחֲמֹתֵנוּ" – Rashi and Radak points to these words of the nation as evidence that the people were not requesting a king who would serve a judicial purpose, but rather a military leader. They claim that this focus on the military aspect of the king's leadership is what troubled Hashem.
"שִׂימָה לָּנוּ מֶלֶךְ לְשׇׁפְטֵנוּ" – One might argue that in their initial request, the people make no mention of any military role, but only a judicial one (לְשׇׁפְטֵנוּ). These sources might answer that the people were using the verb in the military sense of the word,1 asking for a king who would serve as a שופט, like the leaders of the Book of Judges who were mainly saviors in war.
What is wrong with desiring a military leader?
"וַיֵּרַע הַדָּבָר בְּעֵינֵי שְׁמוּאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמְרוּ תְּנָה לָּנוּ מֶלֶךְ לְשׇׁפְטֵנוּ" – This position could explain Shemuel's reaction in one of two ways:
- It is possible that Shemuel, too, is using the root שפט in its military sense, and was upset that the nation wanted to replace their old warrior, Hashem, with a new one.
- Alternatively, it is possible that Shemuel misunderstood the people's request, understanding "וַלְשׇׁפְטֵנוּ" in its judicial sense. He took thier request as a personal affront, as he assumed that they found him lacking.
Hashem's response: "כִּי אֹתִי מָאֲסוּ" – Hashem corrects Shemuel's misconception and explains that the request is really a rejection of Hashem, not Shemuel.
"כְּכָל הַגּוֹיִם"
Mishpat haMelekh
Granting a king
Laws in Devarim
Rejection of the Shofet
The people's desire for a king "to judge us" was problematic either because it usurped the institution of judges as a whole, or because it was a personal affront to Shemuel specifically.
"לְשׇׁפְטֵנוּ"
"כְּכָל הַגּוֹיִם"
Shemuel' complaint
Hashem's retort
Rejection of Torah Law
Hashem was upset by the people's request since they desired a king who would be like the other nations and not subject to the laws of Torah.
"כְּכָל הַגּוֹיִם"
"לְשׇׁפְטֵנוּ"
Shemuel's complaint
Hashem's response
Wrong Timing
Though there is nothing inherently wrong with the institution of monarchy, in this era of miraculous providence, there was no need for a king.
