Difference between revisions of "Divine Plurals/2"
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<category>Partnership with Others | <category>Partnership with Others | ||
| − | <p>The plural form is used because Hashem either consulted | + | <p>The plural form is used because Hashem either consulted, or actively acted with others.  The commentators disagree regarding the identity of Hashem's partner:</p> |
<opinion>Angels | <opinion>Angels | ||
<mekorot><multilink><a href="BereshitRabbah8-8" data-aht="source">Bereshit Rabbah</a><a href="BereshitRabbah8-8" data-aht="source">8:8</a><a href="Bereshit Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Bereshit Rabbah</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="TargumPseudo-JonathanBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a><a href="TargumPseudo-JonathanBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Bereshit 1:26</a><a href="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan" data-aht="parshan">About Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RashiBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Rashi</a><a href="RashiBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Bereshit 1:26</a><a href="RashiBereshit3-22" data-aht="source">Bereshit 3:22</a><a href="RashiBereshit11-7" data-aht="source">Bereshit 11:7</a><a href="R. Shelomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RashbamBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Rashbam</a><a href="RashbamBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Bereshit 1:26</a><a href="R. Shemuel b. Meir (Rashbam)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shemuel b. Meir</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="IbnEzraBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Ibn Ezra</a><a href="IbnEzraBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Bereshit 1:26</a><a href="IbnEzraBereshit3-22" data-aht="source">Bereshit 3:22</a><a href="IbnEzraBereshit11-7" data-aht="source">Bereshit 11:7</a><a href="R. Avraham ibn Ezra" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham ibn Ezra</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RadakBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Radak</a><a href="RadakBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Bereshit 1:26</a><a href="RadakBereshit3-22" data-aht="source">Bereshit 3:22</a><a href="RadakBereshit11-7" data-aht="source">Bereshit 11:7</a><a href="R. David Kimchi (Radak)" data-aht="parshan">About R. David Kimchi</a></multilink>, Abarbanel #2, <multilink><a href="SefornoBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Seforno</a><a href="SefornoBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Bereshit 1:26</a><a href="R. Ovadyah Seforno" data-aht="parshan">About R. Ovadyah Seforno</a></multilink></mekorot> | <mekorot><multilink><a href="BereshitRabbah8-8" data-aht="source">Bereshit Rabbah</a><a href="BereshitRabbah8-8" data-aht="source">8:8</a><a href="Bereshit Rabbah" data-aht="parshan">About Bereshit Rabbah</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="TargumPseudo-JonathanBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a><a href="TargumPseudo-JonathanBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Bereshit 1:26</a><a href="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan" data-aht="parshan">About Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RashiBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Rashi</a><a href="RashiBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Bereshit 1:26</a><a href="RashiBereshit3-22" data-aht="source">Bereshit 3:22</a><a href="RashiBereshit11-7" data-aht="source">Bereshit 11:7</a><a href="R. Shelomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RashbamBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Rashbam</a><a href="RashbamBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Bereshit 1:26</a><a href="R. Shemuel b. Meir (Rashbam)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Shemuel b. Meir</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="IbnEzraBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Ibn Ezra</a><a href="IbnEzraBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Bereshit 1:26</a><a href="IbnEzraBereshit3-22" data-aht="source">Bereshit 3:22</a><a href="IbnEzraBereshit11-7" data-aht="source">Bereshit 11:7</a><a href="R. Avraham ibn Ezra" data-aht="parshan">About R. Avraham ibn Ezra</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RadakBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Radak</a><a href="RadakBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Bereshit 1:26</a><a href="RadakBereshit3-22" data-aht="source">Bereshit 3:22</a><a href="RadakBereshit11-7" data-aht="source">Bereshit 11:7</a><a href="R. David Kimchi (Radak)" data-aht="parshan">About R. David Kimchi</a></multilink>, Abarbanel #2, <multilink><a href="SefornoBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Seforno</a><a href="SefornoBereshit1-26" data-aht="source">Bereshit 1:26</a><a href="R. Ovadyah Seforno" data-aht="parshan">About R. Ovadyah Seforno</a></multilink></mekorot> | ||
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</category> | </category> | ||
<category>Honorific Plural | <category>Honorific Plural | ||
| − | <p>Hashem sometimes speaks of himself using the "royal we" | + | <p>As is the way of kings and other honored people, Hashem sometimes speaks of himself using the "royal we".</p> |
| − | <mekorot><multilink><a href="RSaadiaGaonHaEmunotVeHaDeot2-6" data-aht="source">R. Saadia Gaon</a><a href="RSaadiaGaonHaEmunotVeHaDeot2-6" data-aht="source">HaEmunot VeHaDeot 2:6</a><a href="R. Saadia Gaon" data-aht="parshan">About R. Saadia Gaon</a></multilink>,</mekorot> | + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="RSaadiaGaonHaEmunotVeHaDeot2-6" data-aht="source">R. Saadia Gaon</a><a href="RSaadiaGaonHaEmunotVeHaDeot2-6" data-aht="source">HaEmunot VeHaDeot 2:6</a><a href="R. Saadia Gaon" data-aht="parshan">About R. Saadia Gaon</a></multilink>, Ibn Kaspi</mekorot> |
</category> | </category> | ||
<category>Way of the Text | <category>Way of the Text | ||
Version as of 21:17, 3 August 2015
Divine Plurals
Exegetical Approaches
Partnership with Others
The plural form is used because Hashem either consulted, or actively acted with others. The commentators disagree regarding the identity of Hashem's partner:
Angels
Sources:Bereshit Rabbah, Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, Rashi, Rashbam, Ibn Ezra, Radak, Abarbanel #2, Seforno
Utilized the Elements
R. Yosef Kimchi, Ramban, Abarbanel #1, Maasei Hashem,
Honorific Plural
As is the way of kings and other honored people, Hashem sometimes speaks of himself using the "royal we".
Sources:R. Saadia Gaon, Ibn Kaspi
Way of the Text
The use of a plural verb form for a singular noun is normal Biblical usage.
Sources:R"Y Bekhor Shor #1, Shadal, R. D"Z Hoffmann
