Grammar:Gender/0

Gender

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Nonconformity between Subject and Gender

Sometimes a feminine noun will take a masculine verb or vice versa:

Dual Gendered Nouns

Several words can be treated as both masculine and feminine:

• מחנה – Compare Tehillim 27:3 where it is treated as feminine (תַּחֲנֶה עָלַי מַחֲנֶה) with Bereshit 33:8 (and many other verses) where it is treated as masculine (הַמַּחֲנֶה הַזֶּה). See also Bereshit 32:9¹ where in the very same verse it takes both a feminine and masculine adjective (הַמַּחֲנֶה הָאַחַת וְהִכָּהוּ... הַמַּחֲנֶה הַנִּשְׁאָר).
• שמש – Compare Bereshit 15:17 where it takes a feminine verb (הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ בָּאָה)² and Bereshit 19:23 where it takes a masculine verb (הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ יָצָא).³ R. Saadia (19:23) suggests that either the word can be treated as both masculine or feminine or one must assume that a missing word is simply assumed by the verse (and 19:23 would mean: "אור השמש יצא").
• חצר – Though it usually acts as a feminine noun, as in Melakhim I 6:36 (הֶחָצֵר הַפְּנִימִית),⁴ see Yechezkel 40:19 and 23 where it takes a masculine adjective ("לֶחָצֵר הַפְּנִימִי"). see also Shemot 35:17 where in the same verse, it is referred to as both feminine and masculine ("אֵת קַלְעֵי הֶחָצֵר אֶת עַמֻּדָיו וְאֶת אֲדָנֶיהָ").⁵ 
• דרך – Compare Bereshit 28:20 where it is masculine ("וּשְׁמָרַנִי בַּדֶּרֶךְ הַזֶּה")⁶ with Shemot 18:20, where it is feminine ("הַדֶּרֶךְ יֵלְכוּ בָהּ").⁷ See also Yeshayahu 35:8 where it takes both forms in one verse (וָדֶרֶךְ וְדֶרֶךְ הַקֹּדֶשׁ יִקָּרֵא לָהּ לֹא יַעַבְרֶנּוּ).⁸
• יד – Compare Bereshit 26:25 where it is feminine ("וְיָדוֹ אֹחֶזֶת")⁹ with Shemot 17:12 where it is masculine ("וִידֵי מֹשֶׁה כְּבֵדִים").¹⁰  See also Yechezkel 2:9 where it takes both forms in the same verse, "וְהִנֵּה יָד שְׁלוּחָה אֵלָי וְהִנֵּה בוֹ".‎¹¹
• בית –
• מקום
• רוח – Compare Bereshit 1:2 where it is takes a feminine verb ("יוְרוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת")¹² with Bemidbar 11:131 where it takes a masculine verb ("וְרוּחַ נָסַע").  see aslo Melakhim 19:11 where it acts as both masculine and feminine in the same phrase (וְרוּחַ גְּדוֹלָה וְחָזָק מְפָרֵק הָרִים).¹³
• אש – Compare Shemot 22:5 where it takes a feminine verb (כִּי תֵצֵא אֵשׁ)  with Yirmeyahu 48:45 where it takes a masculine one (כִּי אֵשׁ יָצָא).¹⁴  See also Iyyov 20:26 where it takes both forms (תְּאׇכְלֵהוּ אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּח).¹⁵
• ארץ - See Yeshayahu 33:9 (twice in verse - compare Ibn Ezra and Shadal).
• rashi Shemuel I 1:9

Androgynous Verbs

Sometimes a verb will combine a masculine and feminine form. For example:

• Bereshit 30:38 – "וַיֵּחַמְנָה בְּבֹאָן לִשְׁתּוֹת" (as opposed to the expected "ותחמנה"). See RashbamBereshit 30:38About R. Shemuel b. Meir, Ibn EzraBereshit First Commentary 30:38About R. Avraham ibn Ezra, ShadalBereshit 30:38About R. Shemuel David Luzzatto and R. D"Z HoffmannBereshit 30:38About R. David Zvi Hoffmann. Cf. Hoil MosheShemuel I 6:12About R. Moshe Yitzchak Ashkenazi who suggests that perhaps the androgynous form is used because the verse speaks of mating.
• Shemuel I 6:12 – "וַיִּשַּׁרְנָה הַפָּרוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ" (as opposed to the expected "ותישרנה"). See RashiShemuel I 6:12About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki and the commentary attributed to R"Y KaraShemuel I 6:12About Attributed to R. Yosef Kara.
• Yirmeyahu 49:11 – "וְאַלְמְנוֹתֶיךָ עָלַי תִּבְטָחוּ" (as opposed to "תבטחנה")
• Yechezkel 37:7 – "וַתִּקְרְבוּ עֲצָמוֹת" (as opposed to "ותקרבנה"). See RadakYechezkel 37:7About R. David Kimchi, and see MalbimYechezkel Beur HaMilot 37:7About R. Meir Leibush Weiser who attempts to explain the unusual usage.¹⁶
• Daniel 8:22 – "אַרְבַּע מַלְכֻיוֹת מִגּוֹי יַעֲמֹדְנָה" (as opposed to "תעמדנה"). See RashbamBereshit 30:38About R. Shemuel b. Meir, ShadalBereshit 30:38About R. Shemuel David Luzzatto and R. D"Z HoffmannBereshit 30:38About R. David Zvi Hoffmann.

Pausal Form

¹ See Rashi here who notes this.

² Se also Shemot 22:2, Devarim 24:15, Shemuel II 2:24, Shemuel II 12:11, Nachum 3:17 and others.

³ See also Bereshit 28:11, 32:32, Vayikra 22:7, Yehoshua 10:12-13, Shemeul II 23:4 and others.

⁴ See also Shemot 39:42, Melakhim I 7:8-9, 7:12, Melakhim II 21:5, Melakhim II 23:12 and others.

⁵ See Rashi and Ibn Ezra Second Commentary (there) who note the phenomenon.

⁶ See also Devarim 17:16, 28:7.

⁷ See also Nechemyah 9:12 (הדרך אשר ילכו בה).

⁸ See Rashi Yeshayahu 35:9 who notes this.

⁹ See many other verses as well, including Shemot 3:19, 13:9, Yeshayahu 5:25 or 9:1.

¹⁰ This is less common as noted by Shadal (and see Ibn Ezra).

¹¹ See Rashi, Radak and Shadal there who notes the phenomenon.

¹² This is the more common form. See also Bereshit 41:8, 45:26, Shemot 14:21, Bemidbar 14:26, Shofetim 6:34 and many others.

¹³ See R"Y Kara on Melakhim who notes this.

¹⁴ This is less common; see also Tehillim 104:4.

¹⁵ See R. Moshe ibn Chiquitilla here and Rashi Bereshit 32:9 who notes this.

¹⁶ He suggests that there are both עצמים (joined, bigger bones which take a masculine form) and עצמות (smaller pieces of bone which take a feminine form).  Since in the vision the smaller pieces were to join to become bigger ones, this is alluded to in the androgynous form.