Invoking Hashem's Name Without Explicit Divine Sanction/2

Speaking in the Name of Hashem Without Divine Sanction

Exegetical Approaches

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Acting Upon Hashem's Words

Even where Hashem's speech is not mentioned in the verses it can be assumed that whatever a prophet says or does in His name, did in fact stem from His command.  This position subdivides regarding whether or not Hashem must explicitly direct the prophet or whether the prophet may intuit Hashem's desire from hints and allusions.

Explicit Command

A prophet speaks and acts on direct commands of Hashem.

Sources:Shemot Rabbah 13:4?, Lekach TovShemot 11:1Shemot 32:27About R. Toviah b. Eliezer, RashbamShemot 11:1Bemidbar 16:4Bemidbar 16:28-29About R. Shemuel b. Meir, R. Yosef Bekhor ShorShemot 10:2Shemot 11:1Shemot 16:11, 23Vayikra 10:3About R. Yosef Bekhor Shor, R. Avraham b. HaRambamShemot 11:1About R. Avraham Maimonides, RambanShemot 10:2Shemot 11:1Shemot 14:15Shemot 16:4Shemot 32:27Vayikra 9:2Vayikra 10:3Bemidbar 16:5Bemidbar 17:6About R. Moshe b. Nachman, AbarbanelShemot 9:29, 10:1, 4Shemot 16:23Shemot 32:27Vayikra 9:5-6Vayikra 10:3Bemidbar 16:3Devarim 34:11About R. Yitzchak Abarbanel, R. David Zvi HoffmannShemot 10:1-2Shemot 11:1-3Shemot 14:15Shemot 16:12, 15, 23Vayikra 10:3About R. David Zvi Hoffmann

Implicit Command

A prophet might understand Hashem's will from only indirect comments or suggestions and can apply Hashem's commands from one situation to another.

Sources:Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Shemot12About Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Shemot, Shemot Rabbah42:5About Shemot Rabbah, RashiShemot 32:27Vayikra 10:3About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki, Ibn EzraShemot Long Commentary 11:1Shemot Long Commentary 16:4Shemot Short Commentary 11:4About R. Avraham ibn Ezra, R. OvadiahShemot 10:2About R. Yosef Bekhor Shor, Yalkut ShimoniShofetim 43About Yalkut Shimoni, RalbagShemot Beur HaParashah 11:1, 9-10About R. Levi b. Gershom,

Acting on Own

A prophet, at times, will speak or act on his own initiative and nonetheless attribute the action to Hashem's command.

Sources:Pesikta DeRav Kahana7:3About Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Shemot Rabbah18:1About Shemot Rabbah, Tanchuma (Buber)Bo 17About the Tanchuma, ChizkuniShemot 10:3Shemot 11:4Bemidbar 30:2About R. Chizkiyah b. Manoach, Avvat NefeshCommentary on Ibn Ezra Bemidbar 20:8, R. Yosef AlboSefer HaIkkarim 4:22About R. Yosef Albo, SefornoShemot 16:6-9About R. Ovadyah Seforno, MalbimShemot 16:12Yeshayahu 44:26About R. Meir Leibush Weiser, Cassuto