Invoking Hashem's Name Without Explicit Divine Sanction/2

Speaking in the Name of Hashem Without Divine Sanction

Exegetical Approaches

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Acting Upon Hashem's Words

Even where Hashem's speech is not mentioned in the verses it can be assumed that whatever a prophet says or does in His name, did in fact stem from His command.  This position subdivides regarding whether or not Hashem must explicitly direct the prophet or whether the prophet may intuit Hashem's desire from hints and allusions.

Explicit Command

A prophet speaks and acts on direct commands of Hashem.

Sources:Shemot Rabbah 13:4?, Lekach TovShemot 11:1Shemot 32:27About R. Toviah b. Eliezer, RashbamShemot 11:1Bemidbar 16:4Bemidbar 16:28-29About R. Shemuel b. Meir

Implicit Command

A prophet might apply Hashem's commands from one situation to another or understand Hashem's will from only indirect comments or suggestions.

Sources:Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Shemot12About Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Shemot, Shemot Rabbah42:5About Shemot Rabbah, RashiShemot 32:27Vayikra 10:3About R. Shelomo Yitzchaki,

Acting on Own

A prophet, at times, will speak or act on his own initiative and nonetheless attribute the speech to Hashem's command.

Sources:Pesikta DeRav Kahana7:3About Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Shemot Rabbah18:1About Shemot Rabbah, Tanchuma (Buber)Bo 17About the Tanchuma