Difference between revisions of "Sin and Slaughter of Shekhem/2"
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<category name="">Justified | <category name="">Justified | ||
<opinion name="">The entire city was guilty | <opinion name="">The entire city was guilty | ||
| − | <mekorot>Baalei | + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="TosafotHaShalemBereshit34-31MSHamburg40" data-aht="source">Baalei HaTosafot</a><a href="TosafotHaShalemBereshit34-31MSHamburg40" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:31 (MS Hamburg 40)</a><a href="Ba'alei HaTosafot" data-aht="parshan">About Ba'alei HaTosafot</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RambamHilkhotMelakhim9-14" data-aht="source">Rambam</a><a href="RambamHilkhotMelakhim9-14" data-aht="source">Hilkhot Melakhim 9:14</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Maimon (Rambam)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe Maimonides</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="RYosefibnKaspiBereshit34-27" data-aht="source">R. Yosef ibn Kaspi</a><a href="RYosefibnKaspiBereshit34-27" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:27</a><a href="R. Yosef ibn Kaspi" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yosef ibn Kaspi</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="AbarbanelBereshit34-25-29" data-aht="source">Abarbanel</a><a href="AbarbanelBereshit34-25-29" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:25-29</a><a href="R. Yitzchak Abarbanel" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yitzchak Abarbanel</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="OrHaChayyimBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Or HaChayyim #2</a><a href="OrHaChayyimBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:25</a><a href="R. Chayyim b. Atar (Or HaChayyim)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Chayyim b. Atar</a></multilink></mekorot> |
| + | <point><b>Did Shechem deserve death?</b></point> | ||
| + | <point><b>In what did the city sin?</b> These commentators differ in their assessment of the specific wrongdoing:<br/> | ||
| + | <ul> | ||
| + | <li><b>Condoning the Act</b> – Ibn Kaspi and Abarbanel assert that the people of  Shechem did not protest the taking of Dina, and as such were guilty.<fn>Ibn Kaspi points to Hashem's warning to Yechezkel that if he does not chastise wrongdoers, he himself will be held accountable: "בְּאָמְרִי לָרָשָׁע מוֹת תָּמוּת וְלֹא הִזְהַרְתּוֹ... הוּא רָשָׁע בַּעֲוֹנוֹ יָמוּת וְדָמוֹ מִיָּדְךָ אֲבַקֵּשׁ".</fn> Rambam adds that in not prosecuting Shechem, they violated the Noahide law to institute legal procedures, which is punishable by death.</li> | ||
| + | <li><b>Actively took Dina</b> - Or HaChayyim asserts that the people of the city participated in the taking of Dina, thereby trangressing the Noahide Law of Theft.</li> | ||
| + | <li>Joined in the sexual assaul</li> | ||
| + | </ul></point> | ||
<point><b>Yaakov's reaction</b></point> | <point><b>Yaakov's reaction</b></point> | ||
<point><b>Hashem's evaluation</b></point> | <point><b>Hashem's evaluation</b></point> | ||
| Line 31: | Line 38: | ||
</opinion> | </opinion> | ||
<opinion name="">Shechemites reneged on the deal | <opinion name="">Shechemites reneged on the deal | ||
| − | <mekorot><multilink><a href="SeferYosefHaMekannei18" data-aht="source">Sefer Yosef HaMekannei</a><a href="SeferYosefHaMekannei18" data-aht="source">18</a><a href="Sefer Yosef HaMekannei" data-aht="parshan">About Sefer Yosef HaMekannei</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="PeirushHaRoshBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Peirush HaRosh</a><a href="PeirushHaRoshBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:25</a><a href="Peirush HaRosh" data-aht="parshan">About Peirush HaRosh</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="HadarZekeinimBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Hadar Zekeinim</a><a href="HadarZekeinimBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:25</a><a href="Hadar Zekeinim" data-aht="parshan">About Hadar Zekeinim</a></multilink>,<multilink><a href="MaaseiHashemMaaseiAvot34" data-aht="source">Ma'asei Hashem</a><a href="MaaseiHashemMaaseiAvot34" data-aht="source">Ma'asei Avot 34</a><a href="R. Eliezer Ashkenazi (Maasei Hashem)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Eliezer Ashkenazi</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="HaKetavVeHaKabbalahBereshit34-15" data-aht="source">HaKetav VeHaKabbalah</a><a href="HaKetavVeHaKabbalahBereshit34-15" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:15</a><a href="HaKetavVeHaKabbalahBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:25</a><a href="R. Yaakov Mecklenburg (HaKetav VeHaKabbalah)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yaakov Mecklenburg</a></multilink></mekorot> | + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="SeferHaYashar34-4-23" data-aht="source">Sefer HaYashar</a><a href="SeferHaYashar34-4-23" data-aht="source">34:4-23</a><a href="Sefer HaYashar" data-aht="parshan">About Sefer HaYashar</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="SeferYosefHaMekannei18" data-aht="source">Sefer Yosef HaMekannei</a><a href="SeferYosefHaMekannei18" data-aht="source">18</a><a href="Sefer Yosef HaMekannei" data-aht="parshan">About Sefer Yosef HaMekannei</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="PeirushHaRoshBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Peirush HaRosh</a><a href="PeirushHaRoshBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:25</a><a href="Peirush HaRosh" data-aht="parshan">About Peirush HaRosh</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="HadarZekeinimBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Hadar Zekeinim</a><a href="HadarZekeinimBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:25</a><a href="Hadar Zekeinim" data-aht="parshan">About Hadar Zekeinim</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="MaaseiHashemMaaseiAvot34" data-aht="source">Ma'asei Hashem</a><a href="MaaseiHashemMaaseiAvot34" data-aht="source">Ma'asei Avot 34</a><a href="R. Eliezer Ashkenazi (Maasei Hashem)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Eliezer Ashkenazi</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="HaKetavVeHaKabbalahBereshit34-15" data-aht="source">HaKetav VeHaKabbalah</a><a href="HaKetavVeHaKabbalahBereshit34-15" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:15</a><a href="HaKetavVeHaKabbalahBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:25</a><a href="R. Yaakov Mecklenburg (HaKetav VeHaKabbalah)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Yaakov Mecklenburg</a></multilink></mekorot> |
<point><b>Yaakov's reaction</b></point> | <point><b>Yaakov's reaction</b></point> | ||
<point><b>Hashem's evaluation</b></point> | <point><b>Hashem's evaluation</b></point> | ||
| Line 43: | Line 50: | ||
</opinion> | </opinion> | ||
<opinion name="">Deterrence for the future | <opinion name="">Deterrence for the future | ||
| − | <mekorot><multilink><a href="TargumPseudo-JonathanBereshit34-31" data-aht="source">Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a><a href="TargumPseudo-JonathanBereshit34-31" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:31</a><a href="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan" data-aht="parshan">About Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="TargumYerushalmiBereshit34-31" data-aht="source">Targum Yerushalmi</a><a href="TargumYerushalmiBereshit34-31" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:31</a><a href="Targum Yerushalmi" data-aht="parshan">About Targum Yerushalmi</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="OrHaChayyimBereshit34-31" data-aht="source">Or HaChayyim</a><a href="OrHaChayyimBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:25</a><a href="OrHaChayyimBereshit34-31" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:31</a><a href="R. Chayyim b. Atar (Or HaChayyim)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Chayyim b. Atar</a></multilink>, C. Porat</mekorot> | + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="TargumPseudo-JonathanBereshit34-31" data-aht="source">Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a><a href="TargumPseudo-JonathanBereshit34-31" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:31</a><a href="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan" data-aht="parshan">About Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="TargumYerushalmiBereshit34-31" data-aht="source">Targum Yerushalmi</a><a href="TargumYerushalmiBereshit34-31" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:31</a><a href="Targum Yerushalmi" data-aht="parshan">About Targum Yerushalmi</a></multilink>, <multilink><a href="OrHaChayyimBereshit34-31" data-aht="source">Or HaChayyim</a><a href="OrHaChayyimBereshit34-25" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:25</a><a href="OrHaChayyimBereshit34-31" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:31</a><a href="R. Chayyim b. Atar (Or HaChayyim)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Chayyim b. Atar</a></multilink>, ? R. Hirsch, C. Porat</mekorot> |
<point><b>Yaakov's reaction</b></point> | <point><b>Yaakov's reaction</b></point> | ||
<point><b>Hashem's evaluation</b></point> | <point><b>Hashem's evaluation</b></point> | ||
| Line 55: | Line 62: | ||
</opinion> | </opinion> | ||
</category> | </category> | ||
| − | <category name=""> | + | <category name="">Erred |
| − | <mekorot><multilink><a href="RambanBereshit49-5-6" data-aht="source">Ramban</a><a href="RambanBereshit34-13" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:13</a><a href="RambanBereshit49-5-6" data-aht="source">Bereshit 49:5-6</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Nachman (Ramban)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe Nachmanides</a></multilink>, R. D"Z Hoffmann</mekorot> | + | <mekorot><multilink><a href="RambanBereshit49-5-6" data-aht="source">Ramban</a><a href="RambanBereshit34-13" data-aht="source">Bereshit 34:13</a><a href="RambanBereshit49-5-6" data-aht="source">Bereshit 49:5-6</a><a href="R. Moshe b. Nachman (Ramban)" data-aht="parshan">About R. Moshe Nachmanides</a></multilink>, R. Hirsch?, R. D"Z Hoffmann</mekorot> |
<point><b>Yaakov's reaction</b></point> | <point><b>Yaakov's reaction</b></point> | ||
<point><b>Hashem's evaluation</b></point> | <point><b>Hashem's evaluation</b></point> | ||
Version as of 23:53, 3 December 2014
Shimon and Levi in Shekhem
Exegetical Approaches
Justified
The entire city was guilty
Did Shechem deserve death?
In what did the city sin? These commentators differ in their assessment of the specific wrongdoing:
- Condoning the Act – Ibn Kaspi and Abarbanel assert that the people of Shechem did not protest the taking of Dina, and as such were guilty.1 Rambam adds that in not prosecuting Shechem, they violated the Noahide law to institute legal procedures, which is punishable by death.
- Actively took Dina - Or HaChayyim asserts that the people of the city participated in the taking of Dina, thereby trangressing the Noahide Law of Theft.
- Joined in the sexual assaul
Yaakov's reaction
Hashem's evaluation
"וַיַּעֲנוּ בְנֵי יַעֲקֹב... בְּמִרְמָה"
"אֲשֶׁר טִמְּאוּ"
Why did they kill them on the third day?
Taking of the Spoils
Shimon and Levi versus the other brothers
Yaakov's blessing in Bereshit 49
Polemical motivations
Practical necessity so as to retrieve Dina
Yaakov's reaction
Hashem's evaluation
"וַיַּעֲנוּ בְנֵי יַעֲקֹב... בְּמִרְמָה"
"אֲשֶׁר טִמְּאוּ"
Why did they kill them on the third day?
Taking of the Spoils
Shimon and Levi versus the other brothers
Yaakov's blessing in Bereshit 49
Polemical motivations
Shechemites reneged on the deal
Sources:Sefer HaYashar, Sefer Yosef HaMekannei, Peirush HaRosh, Hadar Zekeinim, Ma'asei Hashem, HaKetav VeHaKabbalah
Yaakov's reaction
Hashem's evaluation
"וַיַּעֲנוּ בְנֵי יַעֲקֹב... בְּמִרְמָה"
"אֲשֶׁר טִמְּאוּ"
Why did they kill them on the third day?
Taking of the Spoils
Shimon and Levi versus the other brothers
Yaakov's blessing in Bereshit 49
Polemical motivations
Deterrence for the future
Yaakov's reaction
Hashem's evaluation
"וַיַּעֲנוּ בְנֵי יַעֲקֹב... בְּמִרְמָה"
"אֲשֶׁר טִמְּאוּ"
Why did they kill them on the third day?
Taking of the Spoils
Shimon and Levi versus the other brothers
Yaakov's blessing in Bereshit 49
Polemical motivations
Erred
Sources:Ramban, R. Hirsch?, R. D"Z Hoffmann
Yaakov's reaction
Hashem's evaluation
"וַיַּעֲנוּ בְנֵי יַעֲקֹב... בְּמִרְמָה"
"אֲשֶׁר טִמְּאוּ"
Why did they kill them on the third day?
Taking of the Spoils
Shimon and Levi versus the other brothers
Yaakov's blessing in Bereshit 49
Polemical motivations
