Yaakov's Dividing of his Camp/2

Yaakov's Dividing of his Camp

Exegetical Approaches

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Yaakov Split his Camp

Yaakov split his camp as originally planned.  This position subdivides regarding whether the goal was to escape from Easv or to confront him.

Flight

Yaakov split his camp so that at least one portion of his household could flee and escape Esav's wrath.

Sources:R. Avraham b. HaRambam #1, R. BachyaBereshit 32:9About R. Bachya b. Asher, Akeidat Yitzchak, AbarbanelBereshit 32:8:18Bereshit 33:1About R. Yitzchak Abarbanel,

Fight

The rearrangement of the camp was a military strategy, meant to facilitate the expected battle against Esav.

Change of Plan

Though Yaakov originally intended to divide his camp, he changed his mind before meeting Esav.

No Longer Necessary

After his victory over the angel/man, Yaakov no longer feared his brother and saw no need to rearrange his camp in preparation for the encounter.

Sources:R. Avraham b. HaRambam #2Bereshit 32Bereshit 33:1-2, 13About R. Avraham Maimonides, Netziv Bereshit 32:8, 18Bereshit 33:1-8About R. Naftali Tzvi Yehuda Berlin

"וַיַּחַץ אֶת הָעָם אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ" - Who was to be in each camp?

• Split only non-family members – R. Avraham b. HaRambam asserts that Yaakov divided his possessions and larger household into two camps but that he kept his wives and children with him, distinct from both.¹  He preferred that they all survived together or all perished together.
• Possessions split, children not – According to Netziv, Yaakov and his sons stayed together in one camp with some of the possessions and wives, while the rest of the property were in another camp.²  He assumes that Yaakov trusted in Hashem's promise that he and his children would stay safe and so he felt no need to split them.³

"וְהָיָה הַמַּחֲנֶה הַנִּשְׁאָר לִפְלֵיטָה" – Purpose of the division – Yaakov hoped that if one camp was attacked, the other would be able to escape. The word "פְלֵיטָה" is understood as "refuge".

Why send to Seir? According to both these sources, Esav had not yet permanently moved to Seir, but lived there part time.  Netziv maintains that Yaakov sent messengers specifically there so as to test out Esav's feelings towards him.  He thought that in Canaan, out of deference to his father, Esav would not act on his hatred even if he was still angry, leaving Yaakov in doubt whether he was still  in danger or not.  By sending to Seir, he could know where he stood.

Esav's approach and 400 men – Both these sources assume that Esav's entourage was intent on battling with Yaakov.

"וְהִכַּנִי אֵם עַל בָּנִים" – According to R. Avraham b. HaRambam, these words reflect Yaakov's fear that Esav would have no mercy and attempt to kill all. The Netziv, in contrast, understands that Yaakov was concerned that Esav might kill the mothers as they protected their children, but not that the children themselves would perish.⁴

Unanswered prayers – Neither of these sources address the issue explicitly, but according to R. Avraham b. HaRambam, it is possible that Yaakov's "being left alone" was an attempt to attain prophecy in solitude,⁵ and the ensuing vision of the struggle with the angel/man was Hashem's answer to his prayer.

No Longer Possible

Though Yaakov wanted to split his camp right up to the moment of meeting, the struggle with the angel/man prevented him from being able to do so.

Sources:RashbamBereshit 32: 5, 7-9, 21, 23, 25-29About R. Shemuel b. Meir

¹ Accordng to him, the word "עָם" refers to the masses of people and cattle who were with Yaakov, but not to his close relatives.

² Like R. Avraham b. HaRambam, he too reads "הָעָם" to refer to the larger household rather than Yaakov's immediate family.

³ He did, nonetheless, worry about his wives.

⁴ See above that he thought that Hashem' promise of protection included his sons, who were part of him, but not necessarily his wives.

⁵ R. Avraham b. HaRambam does say that in the solitude Yaakov achieved prophecy, but not assert that he was actively seeking it.